State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) New Zealand Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 2562 Housing 1254 Illegal activities 950 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 752 Ground transport infrastructure 737 Legal framework 546 Management activities 546 Land conversion 531 Mining 434 Financial resources 416 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 393 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 385 Human resources 383 Water infrastructure 324 Civil unrest 304 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 294 War 267 Deliberate destruction of heritage 257 Water (rain/water table) 240 Interpretative and visitation facilities 216 Governance 193 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 189 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 187 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 178 Surface water pollution 168 Commercial development 167 Oil and gas 167 Solid waste 160 Marine transport infrastructure 146 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 134 Forestry /wood production 134 Flooding 119 Major linear utilities 114 Storms 107 Fire (widlfires) 101 Crop production 100 Earthquake 95 Underground transport infrastructure 79 Other climate change impacts 76 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 73 Renewable energy facilities 72 Water (extraction) 68 Society's valuing of heritage 66 Invasive / alien freshwater species 62 Relative humidity 60 Air pollution 59 High impact research / monitoring activities 57 Air transport infrastructure 56 Commercial hunting 56 Industrial areas 47 Localised utilities 46 Wind 46 Quarrying 43 Ground water pollution 42 Subsistence hunting 39 Drought 35 Non-renewable energy facilities 33 Input of excess energy 32 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 31 Invasive / alien marine species 28 Changes to oceanic waters 26 Avalanche/ landslide 26 Desertification 24 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 23 Pollution of marine waters 20 Temperature change 19 Translocated species 18 Micro-organisms 10 Temperature 9 Military training 9 Volcanic eruption 9 Low impact research / monitoring activities 6 Subsistence wild plant collection 5 Hyper-abundant species 5 Aquaculture 4 Pests 4 Terrorism 4 Tsunami/tidal wave 3