State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Haiti Holy See Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) New Zealand Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 2722 Housing 1310 Illegal activities 1017 Ground transport infrastructure 794 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 794 Management activities 585 Legal framework 582 Land conversion 563 Mining 459 Financial resources 458 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 439 Human resources 407 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 398 Water infrastructure 354 Civil unrest 322 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 312 War 283 Water (rain/water table) 270 Deliberate destruction of heritage 265 Interpretative and visitation facilities 220 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 205 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 202 Governance 197 Surface water pollution 186 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 184 Oil and gas 177 Commercial development 174 Solid waste 170 Marine transport infrastructure 151 Forestry /wood production 146 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 145 Flooding 126 Storms 121 Major linear utilities 118 Crop production 110 Earthquake 108 Fire (widlfires) 103 Water (extraction) 81 Underground transport infrastructure 78 Relative humidity 77 Other climate change impacts 76 Renewable energy facilities 74 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 74 Air pollution 69 Society's valuing of heritage 66 Invasive / alien freshwater species 64 Air transport infrastructure 61 Localised utilities 60 High impact research / monitoring activities 57 Commercial hunting 56 Industrial areas 53 Wind 53 Quarrying 46 Ground water pollution 41 Subsistence hunting 41 Input of excess energy 38 Drought 34 Non-renewable energy facilities 33 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 33 Avalanche/ landslide 32 Invasive / alien marine species 31 Desertification 27 Changes to oceanic waters 26 Pollution of marine waters 23 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 23 Temperature change 19 Translocated species 17 Micro-organisms 15 Temperature 14 Military training 9 Volcanic eruption 9 Terrorism 7 Pests 6 Subsistence wild plant collection 5 Hyper-abundant species 5 Low impact research / monitoring activities 5 Aquaculture 4 Radiation/light 3 Tsunami/tidal wave 3