State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Ethiopia Fiji France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Oman Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 1293 Housing 642 Illegal activities 466 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 396 Ground transport infrastructure 361 Legal framework 329 Land conversion 307 Management activities 288 Mining 234 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 225 War 197 Human resources 196 Water infrastructure 192 Financial resources 183 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 163 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 160 Civil unrest 153 Governance 147 Deliberate destruction of heritage 127 Interpretative and visitation facilities 126 Water (rain/water table) 117 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 108 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 106 Oil and gas 95 Commercial development 90 Surface water pollution 85 Marine transport infrastructure 83 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 79 Solid waste 78 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 71 Flooding 71 Forestry /wood production 65 Other climate change impacts 60 Major linear utilities 58 Fire (widlfires) 55 Underground transport infrastructure 54 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 49 Renewable energy facilities 48 Storms 48 Crop production 43 Earthquake 42 Society's valuing of heritage 39 Water (extraction) 38 Air transport infrastructure 36 Commercial hunting 35 High impact research / monitoring activities 31 Invasive / alien freshwater species 30 Non-renewable energy facilities 28 Quarrying 28 Air pollution 27 Industrial areas 26 Localised utilities 26 Ground water pollution 23 Changes to oceanic waters 23 Drought 22 Wind 21 Subsistence hunting 18 Relative humidity 18 Invasive / alien marine species 18 Desertification 17 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 14 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 14 Input of excess energy 10 Translocated species 10 Pollution of marine waters 9 Avalanche/ landslide 9 Military training 7 Temperature change 7 Aquaculture 4 Subsistence wild plant collection 4 Pests 4 Hyper-abundant species 4 Low impact research / monitoring activities 4 Micro-organisms 2 Terrorism 2