State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Ethiopia Fiji France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Oman Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 1133 Housing 555 Illegal activities 408 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 359 Ground transport infrastructure 330 Legal framework 296 Land conversion 274 Management activities 245 Mining 207 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 206 War 183 Human resources 180 Water infrastructure 175 Financial resources 167 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 146 Governance 138 Civil unrest 137 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 136 Interpretative and visitation facilities 117 Deliberate destruction of heritage 105 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 102 Water (rain/water table) 99 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 92 Commercial development 86 Oil and gas 81 Surface water pollution 78 Marine transport infrastructure 70 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 69 Solid waste 67 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 64 Forestry /wood production 62 Flooding 59 Other climate change impacts 55 Major linear utilities 53 Fire (widlfires) 51 Underground transport infrastructure 50 Renewable energy facilities 46 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 45 Storms 40 Crop production 39 Society's valuing of heritage 38 Water (extraction) 35 Air transport infrastructure 34 Commercial hunting 32 Earthquake 32 Quarrying 27 Invasive / alien freshwater species 27 Non-renewable energy facilities 25 Air pollution 25 High impact research / monitoring activities 24 Localised utilities 23 Industrial areas 22 Changes to oceanic waters 21 Ground water pollution 20 Drought 20 Wind 18 Subsistence hunting 17 Relative humidity 17 Desertification 16 Invasive / alien marine species 15 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 13 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 12 Pollution of marine waters 9 Translocated species 9 Input of excess energy 8 Military training 7 Temperature change 6 Low impact research / monitoring activities 6 Avalanche/ landslide 5 Aquaculture 4 Subsistence wild plant collection 4 Pests 4 Hyper-abundant species 4 Terrorism 3 Micro-organisms 1