State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) New Zealand Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 2202 Housing 1136 Illegal activities 821 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 645 Ground transport infrastructure 607 Legal framework 499 Land conversion 470 Management activities 452 Mining 366 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 353 Financial resources 353 Human resources 352 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 316 Water infrastructure 295 Civil unrest 276 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 263 War 255 Deliberate destruction of heritage 235 Water (rain/water table) 206 Interpretative and visitation facilities 194 Governance 191 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 169 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 161 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 160 Commercial development 148 Oil and gas 144 Solid waste 140 Surface water pollution 137 Marine transport infrastructure 125 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 113 Flooding 108 Forestry /wood production 106 Major linear utilities 94 Crop production 91 Fire (widlfires) 84 Earthquake 80 Underground transport infrastructure 78 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 72 Other climate change impacts 69 Storms 69 Renewable energy facilities 64 Water (extraction) 58 Society's valuing of heritage 57 Air transport infrastructure 54 Invasive / alien freshwater species 54 Commercial hunting 51 High impact research / monitoring activities 50 Air pollution 44 Relative humidity 41 Wind 41 Industrial areas 39 Ground water pollution 39 Localised utilities 36 Quarrying 36 Drought 35 Non-renewable energy facilities 33 Subsistence hunting 32 Input of excess energy 27 Changes to oceanic waters 26 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 23 Avalanche/ landslide 23 Invasive / alien marine species 22 Desertification 21 Pollution of marine waters 20 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 19 Temperature change 19 Translocated species 18 Micro-organisms 10 Military training 8 Temperature 6 Low impact research / monitoring activities 6 Hyper-abundant species 5 Aquaculture 4 Subsistence wild plant collection 4 Pests 4 Terrorism 3 Tsunami/tidal wave 3 Volcanic eruption 2