State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Ethiopia Fiji France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Oman Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 1233 Housing 606 Illegal activities 443 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 378 Ground transport infrastructure 352 Legal framework 317 Land conversion 296 Management activities 267 Mining 223 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 217 War 198 Human resources 192 Water infrastructure 187 Financial resources 176 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 157 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 150 Civil unrest 150 Governance 144 Interpretative and visitation facilities 122 Deliberate destruction of heritage 117 Water (rain/water table) 110 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 106 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 101 Oil and gas 91 Commercial development 89 Surface water pollution 84 Marine transport infrastructure 77 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 76 Solid waste 73 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 70 Forestry /wood production 65 Flooding 65 Other climate change impacts 58 Major linear utilities 57 Fire (widlfires) 57 Underground transport infrastructure 53 Renewable energy facilities 49 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 47 Storms 45 Crop production 40 Society's valuing of heritage 38 Water (extraction) 37 Air transport infrastructure 36 Commercial hunting 34 Earthquake 34 Non-renewable energy facilities 28 Quarrying 28 Invasive / alien freshwater species 28 High impact research / monitoring activities 28 Localised utilities 27 Industrial areas 25 Air pollution 25 Changes to oceanic waters 23 Ground water pollution 22 Wind 20 Drought 20 Subsistence hunting 19 Relative humidity 17 Desertification 17 Invasive / alien marine species 17 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 13 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 13 Pollution of marine waters 10 Input of excess energy 9 Translocated species 9 Military training 7 Temperature change 7 Avalanche/ landslide 7 Low impact research / monitoring activities 5 Aquaculture 4 Subsistence wild plant collection 4 Pests 4 Hyper-abundant species 4 Terrorism 3 Micro-organisms 2