State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Czechia Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Ethiopia France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Italy Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Lebanon Lesotho Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 282 Housing 141 Illegal activities 96 Ground transport infrastructure 84 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 84 Legal framework 75 Land conversion 59 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 53 Management activities 50 Mining 48 War 48 Financial resources 47 Human resources 47 Water infrastructure 44 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 38 Governance 38 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 30 Civil unrest 30 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 30 Commercial development 28 Interpretative and visitation facilities 26 Deliberate destruction of heritage 26 Water (rain/water table) 25 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 21 Surface water pollution 20 Solid waste 19 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 19 Other climate change impacts 18 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 17 Flooding 17 Oil and gas 16 Marine transport infrastructure 15 Forestry /wood production 15 Fire (widlfires) 15 Major linear utilities 13 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 13 Renewable energy facilities 12 Underground transport infrastructure 11 Earthquake 11 Society's valuing of heritage 10 Storms 10 Air transport infrastructure 9 Crop production 9 Non-renewable energy facilities 8 Quarrying 8 Desertification 8 Industrial areas 7 Ground water pollution 7 Water (extraction) 7 Changes to oceanic waters 7 Invasive / alien freshwater species 7 Air pollution 6 Commercial hunting 6 Relative humidity 6 Localised utilities 5 Subsistence hunting 5 Drought 5 High impact research / monitoring activities 5 Wind 4 Pollution of marine waters 3 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 3 Military training 3 Low impact research / monitoring activities 3 Input of excess energy 2 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 2 Terrorism 2 Temperature change 2 Invasive / alien marine species 2 Translocated species 2 Aquaculture 1 Subsistence wild plant collection 1 Pests 1 Avalanche/ landslide 1 Hyper-abundant species 1