State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Ethiopia France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Oman Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 802 Housing 394 Illegal activities 271 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 256 Ground transport infrastructure 232 Legal framework 217 Land conversion 184 Management activities 167 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 140 Mining 139 War 135 Human resources 135 Financial resources 124 Water infrastructure 120 Governance 106 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 102 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 91 Interpretative and visitation facilities 89 Civil unrest 89 Water (rain/water table) 77 Deliberate destruction of heritage 75 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 74 Commercial development 70 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 66 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 51 Surface water pollution 50 Oil and gas 50 Marine transport infrastructure 49 Solid waste 48 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 48 Forestry /wood production 47 Other climate change impacts 46 Flooding 43 Underground transport infrastructure 39 Fire (widlfires) 37 Major linear utilities 36 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 35 Society's valuing of heritage 33 Renewable energy facilities 28 Crop production 28 Air transport infrastructure 27 Storms 27 Commercial hunting 25 Earthquake 25 Water (extraction) 24 Quarrying 21 Non-renewable energy facilities 18 Air pollution 18 Invasive / alien freshwater species 18 High impact research / monitoring activities 17 Localised utilities 16 Changes to oceanic waters 16 Industrial areas 15 Desertification 15 Relative humidity 14 Ground water pollution 13 Subsistence hunting 13 Wind 13 Drought 12 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 10 Invasive / alien marine species 10 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 8 Input of excess energy 7 Pollution of marine waters 7 Military training 7 Translocated species 5 Aquaculture 4 Pests 4 Temperature change 4 Avalanche/ landslide 4 Hyper-abundant species 4 Subsistence wild plant collection 3 Terrorism 3 Low impact research / monitoring activities 3