State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) New Zealand Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 2641 Housing 1285 Illegal activities 980 Ground transport infrastructure 768 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 767 Legal framework 570 Management activities 568 Land conversion 552 Mining 447 Financial resources 435 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 414 Human resources 399 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 394 Water infrastructure 334 Civil unrest 312 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 303 War 275 Deliberate destruction of heritage 263 Water (rain/water table) 258 Interpretative and visitation facilities 220 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 198 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 195 Governance 194 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 183 Surface water pollution 178 Commercial development 171 Oil and gas 170 Solid waste 168 Marine transport infrastructure 151 Forestry /wood production 144 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 142 Flooding 121 Major linear utilities 116 Storms 115 Crop production 103 Fire (widlfires) 102 Earthquake 97 Underground transport infrastructure 78 Other climate change impacts 76 Renewable energy facilities 74 Water (extraction) 73 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 73 Relative humidity 70 Society's valuing of heritage 66 Air pollution 65 Invasive / alien freshwater species 64 Air transport infrastructure 60 High impact research / monitoring activities 57 Commercial hunting 56 Localised utilities 52 Wind 51 Industrial areas 50 Quarrying 46 Ground water pollution 41 Subsistence hunting 40 Drought 34 Non-renewable energy facilities 33 Input of excess energy 33 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 32 Invasive / alien marine species 31 Changes to oceanic waters 26 Desertification 26 Avalanche/ landslide 26 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 23 Pollution of marine waters 20 Temperature change 19 Translocated species 17 Micro-organisms 12 Temperature 12 Military training 9 Volcanic eruption 9 Pests 6 Subsistence wild plant collection 5 Terrorism 5 Hyper-abundant species 5 Low impact research / monitoring activities 5 Aquaculture 4 Tsunami/tidal wave 3 Radiation/light 2