State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Haiti Holy See Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) New Zealand Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 2747 Housing 1320 Illegal activities 1036 Ground transport infrastructure 805 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 800 Legal framework 587 Management activities 587 Land conversion 567 Mining 467 Financial resources 465 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 445 Human resources 408 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 406 Water infrastructure 372 Civil unrest 324 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 318 War 283 Water (rain/water table) 280 Deliberate destruction of heritage 266 Interpretative and visitation facilities 221 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 207 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 202 Governance 199 Surface water pollution 188 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 187 Oil and gas 177 Commercial development 176 Solid waste 170 Marine transport infrastructure 151 Forestry /wood production 147 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 145 Flooding 126 Storms 122 Major linear utilities 119 Crop production 114 Earthquake 109 Fire (widlfires) 103 Water (extraction) 81 Underground transport infrastructure 79 Relative humidity 78 Other climate change impacts 76 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 75 Renewable energy facilities 74 Air pollution 72 Society's valuing of heritage 66 Invasive / alien freshwater species 64 Air transport infrastructure 62 Localised utilities 60 High impact research / monitoring activities 58 Commercial hunting 56 Industrial areas 53 Wind 53 Quarrying 46 Subsistence hunting 44 Ground water pollution 42 Input of excess energy 38 Drought 35 Non-renewable energy facilities 33 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 33 Avalanche/ landslide 33 Invasive / alien marine species 31 Desertification 27 Changes to oceanic waters 26 Pollution of marine waters 23 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 23 Temperature change 19 Translocated species 18 Micro-organisms 15 Temperature 14 Military training 9 Volcanic eruption 9 Terrorism 7 Pests 6 Low impact research / monitoring activities 6 Subsistence wild plant collection 5 Hyper-abundant species 5 Aquaculture 4 Radiation/light 3 Tsunami/tidal wave 3