State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Haiti Holy See Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) New Zealand Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 2673 Housing 1295 Illegal activities 985 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 776 Ground transport infrastructure 772 Management activities 581 Legal framework 577 Land conversion 553 Mining 448 Financial resources 447 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 425 Human resources 404 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 392 Water infrastructure 338 Civil unrest 314 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 307 War 279 Deliberate destruction of heritage 265 Water (rain/water table) 258 Interpretative and visitation facilities 218 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 202 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 199 Governance 195 Surface water pollution 180 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 179 Commercial development 174 Oil and gas 170 Solid waste 167 Marine transport infrastructure 150 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 143 Forestry /wood production 143 Flooding 121 Storms 118 Major linear utilities 115 Crop production 106 Earthquake 102 Fire (widlfires) 100 Underground transport infrastructure 78 Water (extraction) 76 Other climate change impacts 75 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 74 Renewable energy facilities 71 Relative humidity 70 Air pollution 66 Society's valuing of heritage 66 Invasive / alien freshwater species 64 Air transport infrastructure 60 High impact research / monitoring activities 57 Localised utilities 55 Commercial hunting 55 Industrial areas 52 Wind 51 Quarrying 46 Ground water pollution 41 Subsistence hunting 40 Input of excess energy 36 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 33 Drought 33 Non-renewable energy facilities 32 Invasive / alien marine species 31 Avalanche/ landslide 29 Changes to oceanic waters 26 Desertification 26 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 23 Pollution of marine waters 21 Temperature change 19 Translocated species 17 Micro-organisms 12 Temperature 12 Military training 9 Volcanic eruption 9 Terrorism 7 Pests 6 Subsistence wild plant collection 5 Hyper-abundant species 5 Aquaculture 4 Low impact research / monitoring activities 4 Tsunami/tidal wave 3 Radiation/light 2