State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Haiti Holy See Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Italy Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) New Zealand Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 1921 Housing 914 Illegal activities 753 Ground transport infrastructure 562 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 534 Management activities 418 Land conversion 375 Legal framework 363 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 338 Financial resources 337 Mining 322 Human resources 269 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 258 Water infrastructure 243 Civil unrest 232 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 224 Water (rain/water table) 202 Deliberate destruction of heritage 191 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 155 War 146 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 136 Surface water pollution 133 Interpretative and visitation facilities 129 Oil and gas 125 Solid waste 121 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 106 Commercial development 104 Marine transport infrastructure 101 Forestry /wood production 98 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 96 Storms 95 Governance 89 Crop production 85 Earthquake 84 Flooding 82 Major linear utilities 80 Relative humidity 64 Fire (widlfires) 63 Water (extraction) 56 Air pollution 53 Invasive / alien freshwater species 46 Localised utilities 43 Renewable energy facilities 43 Wind 40 High impact research / monitoring activities 40 Underground transport infrastructure 39 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 39 Industrial areas 38 Air transport infrastructure 34 Society's valuing of heritage 33 Input of excess energy 31 Subsistence hunting 31 Commercial hunting 30 Other climate change impacts 29 Avalanche/ landslide 29 Ground water pollution 28 Quarrying 25 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 23 Drought 21 Invasive / alien marine species 21 Pollution of marine waters 16 Micro-organisms 15 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 15 Temperature change 15 Non-renewable energy facilities 14 Temperature 14 Desertification 12 Translocated species 12 Changes to oceanic waters 10 Volcanic eruption 9 Terrorism 4 Radiation/light 3 Tsunami/tidal wave 3 Subsistence wild plant collection 2 Pests 2 Military training 2 Hyper-abundant species 1 Low impact research / monitoring activities 1