State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Haiti Holy See Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) New Zealand Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 2748 Housing 1323 Illegal activities 1040 Ground transport infrastructure 804 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 802 Legal framework 594 Management activities 590 Land conversion 569 Mining 469 Financial resources 466 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 446 Human resources 410 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 407 Water infrastructure 374 Civil unrest 324 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 318 War 283 Water (rain/water table) 281 Deliberate destruction of heritage 266 Interpretative and visitation facilities 221 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 207 Governance 204 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 203 Surface water pollution 189 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 187 Oil and gas 178 Commercial development 177 Solid waste 169 Marine transport infrastructure 152 Forestry /wood production 147 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 146 Flooding 126 Storms 122 Major linear utilities 118 Crop production 114 Earthquake 109 Fire (widlfires) 103 Water (extraction) 81 Underground transport infrastructure 80 Other climate change impacts 79 Relative humidity 78 Renewable energy facilities 76 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 76 Air pollution 72 Society's valuing of heritage 68 Invasive / alien freshwater species 64 Air transport infrastructure 61 Localised utilities 61 High impact research / monitoring activities 58 Commercial hunting 55 Industrial areas 53 Wind 53 Quarrying 46 Subsistence hunting 44 Ground water pollution 42 Input of excess energy 38 Drought 36 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 35 Non-renewable energy facilities 33 Avalanche/ landslide 33 Invasive / alien marine species 31 Changes to oceanic waters 27 Desertification 27 Pollution of marine waters 23 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 23 Temperature change 19 Translocated species 18 Micro-organisms 15 Temperature 14 Military training 9 Volcanic eruption 9 Low impact research / monitoring activities 7 Pests 6 Terrorism 6 Subsistence wild plant collection 5 Hyper-abundant species 5 Aquaculture 4 Radiation/light 3 Tsunami/tidal wave 3