State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Ethiopia France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Oman Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 895 Housing 434 Illegal activities 306 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 286 Ground transport infrastructure 255 Legal framework 238 Land conversion 207 Management activities 189 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 162 Mining 156 Human resources 144 War 143 Water infrastructure 135 Financial resources 133 Governance 116 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 109 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 101 Interpretative and visitation facilities 99 Civil unrest 98 Deliberate destruction of heritage 83 Water (rain/water table) 82 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 82 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 72 Commercial development 71 Oil and gas 59 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 58 Marine transport infrastructure 55 Surface water pollution 54 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 54 Solid waste 53 Forestry /wood production 50 Other climate change impacts 48 Flooding 47 Underground transport infrastructure 43 Major linear utilities 39 Fire (widlfires) 39 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 38 Society's valuing of heritage 36 Renewable energy facilities 33 Air transport infrastructure 29 Crop production 29 Storms 29 Earthquake 28 Commercial hunting 27 Water (extraction) 27 Quarrying 23 Invasive / alien freshwater species 21 Air pollution 20 High impact research / monitoring activities 20 Localised utilities 19 Industrial areas 18 Non-renewable energy facilities 17 Changes to oceanic waters 16 Relative humidity 15 Wind 15 Desertification 15 Drought 14 Ground water pollution 13 Subsistence hunting 12 Invasive / alien marine species 12 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 11 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 10 Input of excess energy 7 Military training 7 Pollution of marine waters 6 Translocated species 6 Aquaculture 4 Pests 4 Avalanche/ landslide 4 Hyper-abundant species 4 Low impact research / monitoring activities 4 Subsistence wild plant collection 3 Temperature change 3 Terrorism 2