State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Oman Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 2007 Housing 1053 Illegal activities 746 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 587 Ground transport infrastructure 552 Legal framework 452 Land conversion 441 Management activities 423 Mining 347 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 338 Human resources 305 Financial resources 303 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 288 Water infrastructure 282 Civil unrest 250 War 247 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 246 Deliberate destruction of heritage 215 Governance 186 Water (rain/water table) 178 Interpretative and visitation facilities 176 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 159 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 154 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 149 Oil and gas 134 Solid waste 130 Surface water pollution 128 Commercial development 123 Marine transport infrastructure 117 Flooding 103 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 100 Forestry /wood production 98 Crop production 88 Major linear utilities 82 Fire (widlfires) 80 Earthquake 73 Underground transport infrastructure 71 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 70 Other climate change impacts 68 Storms 64 Renewable energy facilities 61 Water (extraction) 55 Society's valuing of heritage 52 Air transport infrastructure 50 Invasive / alien freshwater species 48 High impact research / monitoring activities 47 Commercial hunting 46 Air pollution 40 Wind 38 Ground water pollution 37 Industrial areas 35 Localised utilities 34 Relative humidity 34 Drought 34 Non-renewable energy facilities 33 Quarrying 33 Subsistence hunting 27 Changes to oceanic waters 26 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 22 Input of excess energy 21 Invasive / alien marine species 21 Desertification 20 Pollution of marine waters 19 Translocated species 18 Temperature change 17 Avalanche/ landslide 16 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 14 Micro-organisms 8 Military training 8 Low impact research / monitoring activities 6 Temperature 5 Hyper-abundant species 5 Aquaculture 4 Subsistence wild plant collection 4 Pests 4 Terrorism 3 Tsunami/tidal wave 3 Volcanic eruption 1