State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) New Zealand Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 2280 Housing 1155 Illegal activities 847 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 671 Ground transport infrastructure 635 Legal framework 497 Land conversion 482 Management activities 475 Mining 380 Financial resources 367 Human resources 358 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 354 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 337 Water infrastructure 295 Civil unrest 275 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 267 War 249 Deliberate destruction of heritage 242 Water (rain/water table) 214 Interpretative and visitation facilities 203 Governance 186 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 172 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 165 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 157 Commercial development 152 Oil and gas 150 Solid waste 141 Surface water pollution 137 Marine transport infrastructure 131 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 118 Forestry /wood production 108 Flooding 108 Major linear utilities 99 Crop production 94 Earthquake 86 Fire (widlfires) 86 Underground transport infrastructure 76 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 73 Other climate change impacts 70 Storms 70 Renewable energy facilities 64 Water (extraction) 62 Society's valuing of heritage 61 Invasive / alien freshwater species 56 Air transport infrastructure 54 High impact research / monitoring activities 53 Commercial hunting 52 Air pollution 47 Relative humidity 45 Wind 42 Industrial areas 41 Quarrying 40 Ground water pollution 37 Localised utilities 35 Subsistence hunting 33 Drought 33 Non-renewable energy facilities 31 Input of excess energy 28 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 25 Changes to oceanic waters 25 Avalanche/ landslide 25 Invasive / alien marine species 24 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 23 Desertification 22 Pollution of marine waters 19 Temperature change 18 Translocated species 17 Micro-organisms 10 Military training 8 Temperature 6 Volcanic eruption 5 Hyper-abundant species 5 Aquaculture 4 Subsistence wild plant collection 4 Pests 4 Low impact research / monitoring activities 4 Tsunami/tidal wave 3 Terrorism 2