State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) New Zealand Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 2258 Housing 1154 Illegal activities 840 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 665 Ground transport infrastructure 624 Legal framework 505 Land conversion 479 Management activities 466 Mining 376 Financial resources 363 Human resources 358 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 356 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 328 Water infrastructure 299 Civil unrest 279 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 268 War 257 Deliberate destruction of heritage 239 Water (rain/water table) 210 Interpretative and visitation facilities 198 Governance 193 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 171 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 163 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 163 Commercial development 152 Oil and gas 148 Solid waste 141 Surface water pollution 140 Marine transport infrastructure 128 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 117 Flooding 109 Forestry /wood production 107 Major linear utilities 97 Crop production 92 Fire (widlfires) 87 Earthquake 81 Underground transport infrastructure 78 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 73 Other climate change impacts 70 Storms 70 Renewable energy facilities 65 Water (extraction) 60 Society's valuing of heritage 60 Air transport infrastructure 55 Invasive / alien freshwater species 55 Commercial hunting 52 High impact research / monitoring activities 52 Air pollution 46 Relative humidity 43 Wind 42 Industrial areas 41 Ground water pollution 39 Quarrying 38 Localised utilities 36 Drought 35 Subsistence hunting 34 Non-renewable energy facilities 33 Input of excess energy 27 Changes to oceanic waters 26 Avalanche/ landslide 24 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 23 Invasive / alien marine species 23 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 22 Desertification 22 Pollution of marine waters 20 Temperature change 19 Translocated species 18 Micro-organisms 10 Military training 8 Temperature 6 Low impact research / monitoring activities 6 Hyper-abundant species 5 Aquaculture 4 Subsistence wild plant collection 4 Pests 4 Volcanic eruption 4 Terrorism 3 Tsunami/tidal wave 3