State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) New Zealand Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 2380 Housing 1197 Illegal activities 895 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 701 Ground transport infrastructure 680 Legal framework 517 Land conversion 507 Management activities 491 Mining 405 Financial resources 388 Human resources 372 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 368 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 361 Water infrastructure 310 Civil unrest 291 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 281 War 261 Deliberate destruction of heritage 248 Water (rain/water table) 221 Interpretative and visitation facilities 210 Governance 192 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 178 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 172 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 169 Commercial development 158 Oil and gas 157 Surface water pollution 152 Solid waste 146 Marine transport infrastructure 136 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 125 Forestry /wood production 118 Flooding 111 Major linear utilities 105 Crop production 97 Fire (widlfires) 94 Earthquake 89 Storms 82 Underground transport infrastructure 79 Other climate change impacts 74 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 73 Renewable energy facilities 69 Water (extraction) 65 Society's valuing of heritage 63 Invasive / alien freshwater species 59 Air transport infrastructure 56 Commercial hunting 54 High impact research / monitoring activities 53 Air pollution 49 Relative humidity 48 Industrial areas 43 Quarrying 42 Wind 42 Ground water pollution 40 Localised utilities 37 Subsistence hunting 36 Drought 35 Non-renewable energy facilities 33 Input of excess energy 29 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 27 Changes to oceanic waters 26 Avalanche/ landslide 26 Invasive / alien marine species 25 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 23 Desertification 23 Pollution of marine waters 20 Temperature change 19 Translocated species 18 Micro-organisms 10 Military training 8 Temperature 6 Low impact research / monitoring activities 6 Volcanic eruption 5 Hyper-abundant species 5 Aquaculture 4 Subsistence wild plant collection 4 Pests 4 Terrorism 3 Tsunami/tidal wave 3