State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Czechia Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Ethiopia France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Italy Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Lebanon Lesotho Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 478 Housing 233 Illegal activities 158 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 154 Ground transport infrastructure 137 Legal framework 128 Land conversion 99 Management activities 87 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 86 Mining 83 Human resources 81 Financial resources 79 Water infrastructure 73 War 70 Governance 67 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 59 Interpretative and visitation facilities 50 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 50 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 48 Commercial development 46 Civil unrest 46 Water (rain/water table) 45 Deliberate destruction of heritage 41 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 35 Other climate change impacts 33 Surface water pollution 32 Solid waste 30 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 29 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 27 Forestry /wood production 27 Oil and gas 27 Marine transport infrastructure 26 Flooding 25 Fire (widlfires) 25 Major linear utilities 23 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 22 Underground transport infrastructure 20 Renewable energy facilities 19 Society's valuing of heritage 19 Air transport infrastructure 16 Storms 16 Earthquake 16 Crop production 15 Non-renewable energy facilities 13 Quarrying 13 Water (extraction) 13 Air pollution 12 Invasive / alien freshwater species 12 Industrial areas 11 Ground water pollution 11 Commercial hunting 11 Changes to oceanic waters 11 Desertification 11 Relative humidity 9 High impact research / monitoring activities 9 Localised utilities 8 Subsistence hunting 8 Drought 8 Wind 7 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 5 Low impact research / monitoring activities 5 Input of excess energy 4 Pollution of marine waters 4 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 4 Military training 4 Invasive / alien marine species 4 Terrorism 3 Temperature change 3 Translocated species 3 Aquaculture 2 Subsistence wild plant collection 2 Pests 2 Avalanche/ landslide 2 Hyper-abundant species 2