State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Ethiopia Fiji France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Oman Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 1034 Housing 504 Illegal activities 364 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 324 Ground transport infrastructure 304 Legal framework 273 Land conversion 248 Management activities 219 Mining 187 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 185 War 168 Human resources 167 Water infrastructure 161 Financial resources 152 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 135 Governance 131 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 124 Civil unrest 124 Interpretative and visitation facilities 110 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 97 Deliberate destruction of heritage 95 Water (rain/water table) 92 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 84 Commercial development 81 Surface water pollution 70 Oil and gas 70 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 66 Marine transport infrastructure 63 Solid waste 62 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 59 Forestry /wood production 59 Flooding 55 Other climate change impacts 52 Underground transport infrastructure 48 Major linear utilities 48 Fire (widlfires) 48 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 43 Renewable energy facilities 42 Society's valuing of heritage 37 Crop production 35 Storms 34 Air transport infrastructure 33 Commercial hunting 30 Water (extraction) 30 Earthquake 29 Quarrying 25 Invasive / alien freshwater species 23 High impact research / monitoring activities 23 Non-renewable energy facilities 22 Air pollution 22 Localised utilities 21 Industrial areas 20 Changes to oceanic waters 19 Ground water pollution 18 Drought 17 Subsistence hunting 16 Relative humidity 16 Wind 16 Desertification 16 Invasive / alien marine species 14 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 11 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 11 Input of excess energy 8 Pollution of marine waters 8 Translocated species 8 Military training 7 Low impact research / monitoring activities 6 Temperature change 5 Avalanche/ landslide 5 Aquaculture 4 Subsistence wild plant collection 4 Pests 4 Hyper-abundant species 4 Terrorism 3 Micro-organisms 1