State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Ethiopia Fiji France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Oman Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 1335 Housing 661 Illegal activities 486 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 409 Ground transport infrastructure 380 Legal framework 343 Land conversion 319 Management activities 292 Mining 245 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 234 War 207 Human resources 206 Water infrastructure 203 Financial resources 193 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 171 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 168 Civil unrest 163 Governance 153 Interpretative and visitation facilities 129 Deliberate destruction of heritage 129 Water (rain/water table) 119 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 116 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 108 Oil and gas 99 Commercial development 94 Surface water pollution 93 Marine transport infrastructure 85 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 80 Solid waste 80 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 73 Flooding 72 Forestry /wood production 69 Other climate change impacts 62 Major linear utilities 61 Fire (widlfires) 59 Underground transport infrastructure 56 Renewable energy facilities 51 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 49 Storms 49 Crop production 44 Earthquake 42 Society's valuing of heritage 40 Water (extraction) 39 Air transport infrastructure 38 Commercial hunting 36 Invasive / alien freshwater species 31 High impact research / monitoring activities 31 Non-renewable energy facilities 30 Air pollution 28 Quarrying 28 Industrial areas 27 Localised utilities 27 Ground water pollution 25 Changes to oceanic waters 24 Drought 24 Wind 21 Subsistence hunting 20 Relative humidity 18 Desertification 18 Invasive / alien marine species 18 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 14 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 14 Translocated species 11 Input of excess energy 10 Pollution of marine waters 10 Avalanche/ landslide 9 Temperature change 8 Military training 7 Low impact research / monitoring activities 6 Aquaculture 4 Subsistence wild plant collection 4 Pests 4 Hyper-abundant species 4 Terrorism 3 Micro-organisms 2