State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) New Zealand Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 2649 Housing 1289 Illegal activities 982 Ground transport infrastructure 772 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 770 Legal framework 573 Management activities 570 Land conversion 553 Mining 449 Financial resources 436 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 418 Human resources 400 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 398 Water infrastructure 335 Civil unrest 312 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 305 War 275 Deliberate destruction of heritage 263 Water (rain/water table) 258 Interpretative and visitation facilities 221 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 198 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 196 Governance 196 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 186 Surface water pollution 179 Commercial development 173 Oil and gas 170 Solid waste 168 Marine transport infrastructure 151 Forestry /wood production 144 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 142 Flooding 121 Major linear utilities 116 Storms 115 Crop production 104 Fire (widlfires) 102 Earthquake 97 Underground transport infrastructure 79 Other climate change impacts 76 Renewable energy facilities 74 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 74 Water (extraction) 73 Relative humidity 70 Society's valuing of heritage 66 Air pollution 65 Invasive / alien freshwater species 64 Air transport infrastructure 60 High impact research / monitoring activities 58 Commercial hunting 56 Localised utilities 52 Wind 51 Industrial areas 50 Quarrying 46 Ground water pollution 42 Subsistence hunting 40 Drought 35 Non-renewable energy facilities 33 Input of excess energy 33 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 32 Invasive / alien marine species 31 Changes to oceanic waters 26 Desertification 26 Avalanche/ landslide 26 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 23 Pollution of marine waters 20 Temperature change 19 Translocated species 18 Micro-organisms 12 Temperature 12 Military training 9 Volcanic eruption 9 Pests 6 Low impact research / monitoring activities 6 Subsistence wild plant collection 5 Terrorism 5 Hyper-abundant species 5 Aquaculture 4 Tsunami/tidal wave 3 Radiation/light 2