State of Conservation
Category of site
Cultural site 
Natural site 
Mixed site
Site inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger
Cultural site 
Natural site 
Mixed site
States Parties
Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Congo Côte d'Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Ghana Guinea Kenya Lesotho Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritius Mozambique Niger Nigeria Senegal South Africa Togo Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Zambia ZimbabweThreats
Management systems/ management plan 467 Illegal activities 402 Mining 210 Land conversion 203 Civil unrest 178 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 161 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 156 Housing 145 Financial resources 145 War 128 Human resources 122 Ground transport infrastructure 116 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 82 Management activities 82 Water infrastructure 72 Solid waste 71 Legal framework 64 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 63 Oil and gas 60 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 52 Water (rain/water table) 51 Fire (widlfires) 47 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 45 Forestry /wood production 44 Governance 36 Surface water pollution 34 Interpretative and visitation facilities 33 Crop production 32 Commercial hunting 30 Deliberate destruction of heritage 30 Drought 30 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 26 Subsistence hunting 25 Invasive / alien freshwater species 24 Major linear utilities 20 Water (extraction) 19 Marine transport infrastructure 17 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 17 Other climate change impacts 17 Industrial areas 16 Translocated species 16 Air transport infrastructure 10 Air pollution 10 Flooding 10 Commercial development 9 Ground water pollution 9 Relative humidity 9 Society's valuing of heritage 8 Wind 6 Storms 6 Earthquake 6 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 5 Changes to oceanic waters 4 Avalanche/ landslide 4 Non-renewable energy facilities 3 Renewable energy facilities 3 Input of excess energy 3 Terrorism 3 Volcanic eruption 2 Subsistence wild plant collection 1 Desertification 1 Low impact research / monitoring activities 1
* :
The threats indicated are listed in alphabetical order; their order does not constitute a classification according to the importance of their impact on the property.
Furthermore, they are presented irrespective of the type of threat faced by the property, i.e. with specific and proven imminent danger (“ascertained danger”) or with threats which could have deleterious effects on the property’s Outstanding Universal Value (“potential danger”).
** : All mission reports are not always available electronically.
