State of Conservation

States Parties

Benin Burkina Faso Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Congo Côte d'Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo Ethiopia Gabon Ghana Guinea Kenya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritius Mozambique Niger Nigeria Senegal Seychelles South Africa Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Illegal activities 308 Management systems/ management plan 302 Mining 140 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 131 Financial resources 124 Land conversion 123 Civil unrest 123 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 92 Human resources 88 War 87 Housing 81 Ground transport infrastructure 80 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 49 Water infrastructure 47 Solid waste 45 Management activities 44 Water (rain/water table) 40 Legal framework 40 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 35 Crop production 28 Oil and gas 26 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 24 Fire (widlfires) 24 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 21 Forestry /wood production 20 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 20 Commercial hunting 19 Surface water pollution 15 Drought 15 Deliberate destruction of heritage 14 Subsistence hunting 13 Invasive / alien freshwater species 13 Interpretative and visitation facilities 11 Water (extraction) 11 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 10 Flooding 10 Storms 10 Industrial areas 9 Marine transport infrastructure 9 Translocated species 9 Major linear utilities 6 Air pollution 6 Relative humidity 6 Wind 6 Governance 6 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 4 Desertification 4 Avalanche/ landslide 4 Input of excess energy 3 Other climate change impacts 3 Earthquake 3 Air transport infrastructure 2 Volcanic eruption 2 Renewable energy facilities 1 Ground water pollution 1 Pests 1 Society's valuing of heritage 1 Changes to oceanic waters 1