State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Oman Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 1443 Housing 725 Illegal activities 528 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 430 Ground transport infrastructure 408 Legal framework 362 Land conversion 342 Management activities 317 Mining 262 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 257 Human resources 222 Water infrastructure 214 War 212 Financial resources 211 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 190 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 181 Civil unrest 176 Governance 159 Deliberate destruction of heritage 142 Interpretative and visitation facilities 137 Water (rain/water table) 128 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 119 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 118 Oil and gas 107 Surface water pollution 100 Commercial development 97 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 94 Marine transport infrastructure 93 Solid waste 85 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 76 Flooding 76 Forestry /wood production 69 Major linear utilities 64 Other climate change impacts 64 Fire (widlfires) 63 Underground transport infrastructure 61 Storms 55 Renewable energy facilities 52 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 52 Crop production 50 Earthquake 47 Society's valuing of heritage 43 Water (extraction) 41 Air transport infrastructure 40 Commercial hunting 37 Invasive / alien freshwater species 34 High impact research / monitoring activities 34 Non-renewable energy facilities 31 Industrial areas 30 Localised utilities 29 Quarrying 29 Air pollution 28 Ground water pollution 27 Changes to oceanic waters 26 Drought 26 Wind 23 Subsistence hunting 21 Relative humidity 21 Invasive / alien marine species 19 Desertification 18 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 15 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 14 Pollution of marine waters 13 Translocated species 13 Input of excess energy 11 Avalanche/ landslide 10 Temperature change 9 Military training 7 Low impact research / monitoring activities 6 Hyper-abundant species 5 Aquaculture 4 Subsistence wild plant collection 4 Pests 4 Micro-organisms 3 Terrorism 3 Volcanic eruption 1