State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Oman Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 1421 Housing 714 Illegal activities 516 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 420 Ground transport infrastructure 397 Legal framework 355 Land conversion 334 Management activities 316 Mining 256 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 249 Human resources 218 War 210 Financial resources 207 Water infrastructure 205 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 187 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 178 Civil unrest 173 Governance 156 Deliberate destruction of heritage 142 Interpretative and visitation facilities 134 Water (rain/water table) 127 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 118 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 113 Oil and gas 105 Commercial development 95 Surface water pollution 95 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 94 Marine transport infrastructure 92 Solid waste 84 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 75 Flooding 75 Forestry /wood production 67 Other climate change impacts 63 Major linear utilities 61 Underground transport infrastructure 60 Fire (widlfires) 60 Storms 55 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 52 Renewable energy facilities 49 Crop production 49 Earthquake 47 Society's valuing of heritage 43 Water (extraction) 40 Air transport infrastructure 39 Commercial hunting 36 Invasive / alien freshwater species 34 High impact research / monitoring activities 34 Industrial areas 30 Non-renewable energy facilities 30 Quarrying 29 Localised utilities 28 Air pollution 27 Ground water pollution 26 Changes to oceanic waters 26 Drought 24 Wind 23 Subsistence hunting 21 Relative humidity 21 Invasive / alien marine species 19 Desertification 18 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 15 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 14 Pollution of marine waters 13 Translocated species 12 Input of excess energy 11 Avalanche/ landslide 10 Temperature change 9 Military training 7 Hyper-abundant species 5 Aquaculture 4 Subsistence wild plant collection 4 Pests 4 Low impact research / monitoring activities 4 Micro-organisms 3 Terrorism 3 Volcanic eruption 1