State of Conservation

States Parties

Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Congo Côte d'Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Ghana Guinea Kenya Lesotho Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritius Mozambique Niger Nigeria Senegal South Africa Togo Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 357 Illegal activities 296 Mining 171 Land conversion 158 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 131 Civil unrest 130 Housing 128 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 100 War 99 Financial resources 98 Ground transport infrastructure 93 Human resources 88 Management activities 76 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 72 Water infrastructure 70 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 60 Oil and gas 59 Solid waste 55 Legal framework 50 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 44 Water (rain/water table) 42 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 42 Fire (widlfires) 42 Surface water pollution 37 Governance 37 Forestry /wood production 34 Interpretative and visitation facilities 30 Drought 30 Deliberate destruction of heritage 29 Crop production 24 Major linear utilities 21 Commercial hunting 21 Subsistence hunting 18 Water (extraction) 18 Invasive / alien freshwater species 18 Marine transport infrastructure 17 Other climate change impacts 17 Industrial areas 16 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 16 Translocated species 16 Air transport infrastructure 11 Commercial development 10 Air pollution 10 Ground water pollution 10 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 10 Relative humidity 8 Society's valuing of heritage 7 Flooding 6 Earthquake 6 Wind 4 Changes to oceanic waters 4 Non-renewable energy facilities 3 Renewable energy facilities 3 Terrorism 3 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 2 Input of excess energy 2 Subsistence wild plant collection 1 Storms 1 Low impact research / monitoring activities 1