State of Conservation

States Parties

Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Congo Côte d'Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Ghana Guinea Kenya Lesotho Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritius Mozambique Niger Nigeria Senegal South Africa Togo Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 381 Illegal activities 313 Mining 178 Land conversion 166 Civil unrest 143 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 136 Housing 130 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 117 War 108 Financial resources 105 Human resources 96 Ground transport infrastructure 91 Management activities 77 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 74 Water infrastructure 68 Solid waste 61 Oil and gas 57 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 56 Legal framework 54 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 47 Water (rain/water table) 44 Fire (widlfires) 43 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 43 Forestry /wood production 36 Governance 36 Surface water pollution 34 Crop production 31 Interpretative and visitation facilities 29 Deliberate destruction of heritage 29 Drought 29 Commercial hunting 21 Major linear utilities 20 Subsistence hunting 20 Invasive / alien freshwater species 20 Water (extraction) 18 Marine transport infrastructure 17 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 17 Other climate change impacts 17 Industrial areas 16 Translocated species 16 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 11 Air transport infrastructure 10 Air pollution 10 Commercial development 9 Ground water pollution 9 Relative humidity 9 Flooding 9 Society's valuing of heritage 7 Earthquake 6 Wind 4 Changes to oceanic waters 4 Non-renewable energy facilities 3 Renewable energy facilities 3 Input of excess energy 3 Terrorism 3 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 2 Subsistence wild plant collection 1 Storms 1 Low impact research / monitoring activities 1