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1.
In relation to the nomination of sites for inscription on the World Heritage List, “Upstream processes” include advice, consultation and analysis that occur prior to the submission of a nomination and are aimed at reducing the number of nominations that experience significant problems during the evaluation process. The basic principle of the upstream processes is to enable ...
2.
"The term ‘Indigenous peoples’ is to be understood in the context of the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention (No. 169) concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries as:
1. tribal peoples in independent countries whose social, cultural and economic conditions distinguish them from other sections of the national community, and whose status ...
3.
With regard to the number of candidatures presented by an electoral group, it is worth recalling Resolution 1 EXT.GA 3 on the revision of the Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly (in 2014), by which the General Assembly of States Parties to the Convention "reiterate[d] its strong request to States Parties and electoral groups to provide a sufficient number of ...
4.
UNESCO is a non-profit intergovernmental organization. Contributions to UNESCO’s World Heritage from states, public institutions, foundations or individuals - are used for projects implemented by experts to protect World Heritage sites around the world. The World Heritage Marketplace is one way for donors to support World Heritage, it matches potential donors and projects ...
5.
PACT offers different possibilities for partnerships, notably the adoption or sponsorship of a World Heritage site, support for existing programmes and the development of educational awareness raising as well as support for activities in local and international communities. For more information on current projects and areas of cooperation or how to become a partner in the ...
6.
UNESCO Culture Sector is responsible for important conventions and universal declarations, such as the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage and the Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity which it implements in a number of areas in order to promote intercultural dialogue. The Cultural Heritage Division manages international campaigns and ...
7.
The Nordic World Heritage Foundation was established as a Foundation by the Norwegian Government in between 2002 and 2014 and was officially given UNESCO’s auspices by the General Conference in 2003. By joining efforts of the five Nordic Countries in support of the World Heritage Convention, the Foundation promotes World Heritage conservation by supporting innovative ...
8.
This table is a way to present geographic information system (GIS) obtained data.
A geographic information system, or GIS, relies on computer-based technology to produce, organize and analyse spatial information in the form of maps. GIS encompasses database management, mapping, image processing and statistical analysis tools. These tools allow users to see statistical data ...
9.
The standard list of threats/factors affecting the Outstanding Universal Value of World Heritage properties consists of a series of 14 primary factors, encompassing each a number of secondary factors.
The 14 primary factors are:
Buildings and Development
Transportation Infrastructure
Utilities or Service Infrastructure
Pollution
Biological resource ...
10.
These are the benefits people obtain from ecosystems. These include provisioning services such as food and water; regulating services such as flood and disease control; cultural services such as spiritual, recreational, and cultural benefits; and supporting services, such as nutrient cycling, that maintain the conditions for life on Earth (UNEP).
Source(s): World Heritage ...
11.
The World Heritage Centre is constantly concluding partnerships with new partners in order to ensure the preservation of natural and cultural diversity in the long term. These partners include States Parties, Advisory Bodies, non-governmental and inter-governmental organizations, the private sector and the media. Click here to see the list of our partners and their actions ...
12.
In various regions of the world capacity building institutions dealing specifically with World Heritage have been established and granted the status of "category 2 centres under the auspices of UNESCO.
UNESCO Category II Centres (C2Cs) are organizations which operate under the auspices of UNESCO and are committed to engage in support of UNESCO’s strategic programme ...
13.
Civil society is the “third sector” of society, along with government and business. It comprises civil society organizations and non-governmental organizations. The UN recognizes the importance of partnering with civil society, because it advances the Organization’s ideals, and helps support its work.
Source(s): ...
14.
The World Heritage Convention does not specifically define identification. Throughout the Convention reference is made to the "identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission to future generations of the cultural and natural heritage". Article 5 of the Convention makes reference to a number of "effective and active measures" that can be taken by ...
15.
The UNESCO World Heritage Convention is a treaty that has become, over the past 40 years, the foremost international legal tool in support of the conservation of the world's cultural and natural heritage. Today, 191 countries (called States Parties) have ratified the Convention, making it an almost universally accepted set of principles and framework of action.
Learn more ...
16.
Defined in the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention (No. 169) concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries as:‘(a) tribal peoples in independent countries whose social, cultural and economic conditions distinguish them from other sections of the national community, and whose status is regulated wholly or partially by their own customs or ...
17.
"Accession" is the act whereby a state accepts the offer or the opportunity to become a party to a treaty already negotiated and signed by other states. It has the same legal effect as ratification. Accession usually occurs after the treaty has entered into force. The Secretary-General of the United Nations, in his function as depositary, has also accepted accessions to ...
18.
Article 4 of the World Heritage Convention states:
"Each State Party to this Convention recognizes that the duty of ensuring the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission to future generations of the cultural and natural heritage referred to in Articles 1 and 2 and situated on its territory, belongs primarily to that State ...".
The World ...
19.
Historic layering is a mechanism of the historic urban landscape formation. City layers can include such components as urban structures and open spaces, infrastructures, built environment, including elements of cultural practices and economic processes, as well as components supporting social values, diversity and identity of the area, and taking into account ...
20.
Refers to the properties ‘broader setting’, which paragraph 112 of the Operational Guidelines describes as:
“The broader setting, may relate to the property’s topography, natural and built environment, and other elements such as infrastructure, land use patterns, spatial organization, and visual relationships. It may also include related social and cultural practices, ...
21.
Once a country signs the World Heritage Convention, and has sites inscribed on the World Heritage List, the resulting prestige often helps raise awareness among citizens and governments for heritage preservation. Greater awareness leads to a general rise in the level of the protection and conservation given to heritage properties. A country may also receive financial ...
22.
Usually referred to as simply the Operational Guidelines, these help to explain the implementation of the Convention. They include procedures for:
inscription of properties on the World Heritage List and the List of World Heritage in Danger;
protection and conservation of World Heritage properties;
granting of International Assistance under the World Heritage ...
23.
According to the guidelines of the Memory of the World Programme – which is in charge of the heritage housed in museums, archives and libraries around the world -, the definition of documentary heritage includes the following elements:
mobile;
consisting of signs/codes, sounds and/or images;
can be conserved (the supports are inert elements);
can be reproduced and ...
24.
IUCN Members within a country or region may choose to organize themselves into National and Regional Committees to facilitate cooperation among Members, and with other parts of the Union, and to support the participation of Members in the Programme and governance of IUCN.
IUCN’s National and Regional Committees can be very different in nature. Some of the Member Committees ...
25.
Once a country signs the World Heritage Convention, and has sites inscribed on the World Heritage List, the resulting prestige often helps raise awareness among citizens and governments for heritage preservation. Greater awareness leads to a general rise in the level of the protection and conservation given to heritage properties. A country may also receive financial ...
26.
With regards to conflict prevention, the Policy Document for the Integration of a Sustainable Development Perspective into the Processes of the World Heritage Convention states that:
"States Parties have a critically important role to play in ensuring that the implementation of the World Heritage Convention, including the establishment of the World Heritage List and ...
27.
The World Heritage Convention does not specifically define conservation. Throughout the Convention reference is made to the "identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission to future generations of the cultural and natural heritage".
Article 5 of the Convention makes reference to a number of "effective and active measures" that can be taken by ...
28.
The ‘International Register of Cultural Property under Special Protection’ is a special register maintained by the Director-General of UNESCO of cultural property granted 'Special Protection' under the 1954 Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the event of Armed Conflict.
Special protection represents a higher level of protection in comparison with the ...
29.
ICCROM (International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property) is an international intergovernmental organization based in Rome, Italy. Established by UNESCO in 1956, ICCROM’s statutory functions are to carry out research, documentation, technical assistance, training and public awareness programmes to strengthen conservation of ...
30.
The Justification for inscription is a part of nomination documentation that makes clear why the property is considered to be of “Outstanding Universal Value”. It is comprised of more detailed information to support the text of the proposed Statement of Outstanding Universal Value; the World Heritage criteria under which the property is proposed together with a clearly ...
31.
What it is: Social meaning given to being a woman or a man. Social characteristics – not biological differences– used to define a woman or a man.
What it does: defines the boundaries of what women and men can and should be and do. Shapes and determines the behaviour, roles, expectations, and entitlements of women and men. Provides rules, norms, customs, and ...
32.
Sustainable development involves stable, equitable and inclusive economic growth, based on sustainable patterns of production and consumption” (“Realizing the Future We Want for All”, page 29 of the World Heritage and Sustainable Development Policy). Inclusive economic development favours a people-centred economy. It makes macroeconomic growth and equity compatible, as ...
33.
The World Heritage Capacity Building Strategy was requested by the World Heritage Committee at its 34th session (Decision 34 COM 9C) and presented at the 35th Session in 2011.
According to its Mission Statement, “The purpose of this strategy is to provide a framework which favours the development of effective actions and programmes to strengthen or develop capacities of ...
34.
Refers to a decision taken by the World Heritage Committee on the State of Conservation of a property. Committee decisions can recommend a number of courses of action. These can include:
a) [The Committee] may decide that the property has not seriously deteriorated and that no further action should be taken;
b) when the Committee considers that the property has seriously ...
35.
In 2010 Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) adopted the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020, a ten-year framework for action by all countries and stakeholders to safeguard biodiversity and the benefits it provides to people. As part of the Strategic Plan, 20 ambitious but realistic targets, known as the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, were adopted. ...
36.
By compiling on the Internet the national laws of its Member States, UNESCO offers all stakeholders involved (Governments, customs officials, art dealers, organizations, lawyers, buyers and so forth) a complete and easily accessible source of information. In the event of a legal question about the origin of an object (which may have been stolen, pillaged, or illegally ...
37.
The same General Conference that adopted the Convention concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage (the World Heritage Convention) in 1972 also adopted the Recommendation concerning the Protection, at National Level, of the Cultural and Natural Heritage.
According to this Recommendation, “In conformity with their jurisdictional and legislative ...
38.
As of today, twelve cultural properties are inscribed on the List of Cultural Property under Enhanced Protection.
“Enhanced protection” is a mechanism established by the 1999 Second Protocol to the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict. It aims to ensure full and effective protection of specifically designated cultural ...
39.
The International assistance scheme under the World Heritage Fund deals with the protection of cultural sites (monuments, groups of buildings, historic cities, archaeological sites) and natural sites inscribed on the World Heritage List. Priority is given to the most threatened properties, especially those inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger. Sites inscribed ...
40.
Articles 10-14 of the Second Protocol to the Hague Convention of 1954 for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict. These articles say that the State Party may request the granting of enhanced protection for cultural property considered to be of “the greatest importance for humanity,” provided that it is already “protected by adequate domestic ...
41.
Gender Equality as a human right and a development goal is enshrined in the 1948 Universal Declaration on Human Rights and in the 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW).
Gender Equality is one of UNESCO’s two global priorities. In this understanding, gender equality refers to the equal rights, responsibilities and ...
42.
Biosphere reserves are areas comprising terrestrial, marine and coastal ecosystems. Each reserve promotes solutions reconciling the conservation of biodiversity with its sustainable use.
Biosphere reserves are ‘Science for Sustainability support sites’ – special places for testing interdisciplinary approaches to understanding and managing changes and interactions between ...
43.
A key benefit of ratification, particularly for developing countries, is access to the World Heritage Fund and International Assistance. This is made available to assist States Parties in identifying, preserving and promoting World Heritage sites. Emergency assistance may also be made available for urgent action to repair damage caused by human-made or natural disasters. ...
44.
ICOMOS thematic studies: The International Council on Monuments and Sites regularly conducts and publishes thematic studies in the context of the World Heritage Convention. An overview of the publications can be found here.
IUCN thematic studies: the International Union for the Conservation of Nature has undertaken a range of global and regional studies to support State ...
45.
With regards to post-conflict recovery, the Policy Document for the Integration of a Sustainable Development Perspective into the Processes of the World Heritage Convention states:
"33. During a conflict and in the post-conflict transition phase, World Heritage properties and their wider settings can make a significant contribution to recovery and socioeconomic ...
46.
Adaptation to climate change refers to adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities.
In 1992 the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (the Earth Summit) was held in Rio de Janeiro and resulted in the establishment of the UN Framework ...