Medina of Marrakesh
Medina of Marrakesh
Founded in 1070–72 by the Almoravids, Marrakesh remained a political, economic and cultural centre for a long period. Its influence was felt throughout the western Muslim world, from North Africa to Andalusia. It has several impressive monuments dating from that period: the Koutoubiya Mosque, the Kasbah, the battlements, monumental doors, gardens, etc. Later architectural jewels include the Bandiâ Palace, the Ben Youssef Madrasa, the Saadian Tombs, several great residences and Place Jamaâ El Fna, a veritable open-air theatre.
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
Médina de Marrakech
Fondée en 1070-1072 par les Almoravides (1056-1147), Marrakech fut longtemps un centre politique, économique et culturel majeur de l'Occident musulman, régnant sur l'Afrique du Nord et l'Andalousie. Des monuments grandioses remontent à cette période : la mosquée de la Koutoubiya, la Casbah, les remparts, les portes monumentales, les jardins, etc. Plus tard, la ville accueillera d'autres merveilles, tels le palais Bandiâ, la medersa Ben Youssef, les tombeaux saâdiens, de grandes demeures, etc. La place Jamaâ El Fna, véritable théâtre en plein air, émerveille toujours les visiteurs.
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
مدينة مراكش
أنشأها المُرابطون(1056–1147) بين 1070 و1072 وبقيت مراكش لفترةٍ طويلةٍ المركز السياسي والاقتصادي والثقافي الأهم في بلدان الغرب الاسلاميّة المُسيْطرة على أفريقيا الشّماليّة والأندلس وتعود النصب العظيمة إلى تلك الحقبة: مسجد الكتُبية والقصبة والأسوار والبوّابات الأثريّة والحدائق. ثم استضافت هذه المدينة فيما بعد روائعَ أخرى كقصر الباهية ومدرسة بن يوسف وضريح السعديين والبيوت الكبيرة. كما أن ساحة جامع الفنا التي تشكل مسرحًا رائعًا في الهواء الطلق تدهش دائمًا زائريه، بحيث أدرجت على قائمة التراث غير المادي للإنسانية.
source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
马拉柯什的阿拉伯人聚居区
马拉柯什城是穆拉比兑人于公元1071年至1072年建立的，在很长的一段时期内，马拉柯什一直是摩洛哥的政治中心、经济中心和文化中心。该城的影响力遍及整个西部穆斯林世界，从非洲北部一直到安大路西亚。马拉柯什城中还保留着几个从那个时代遗留下来的遗迹，包括库图比亚清真寺、居民居住区、城墙、巨大城门、花园等等。此外，城中还有一些后期建造的伟大建筑，如邦迪阿宫、本·尤素福穆斯林大学、 萨阿迪墓、数处宏伟的宫殿和民居以及真正的室外剧场——雅马埃尔法那广场。
source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
Медина (старая часть) города Марракеш
Основанный в 1070-1072 гг. Альморавидами, Марракеш в течение длительного периода оставался политическим, экономическим и культурным центром. Его влияние распространялось на всю западную часть мусульманского мира – от Северной Африки до Андалусии. Здесь находятся несколько замечательных памятников, относящихся к тому периоду: мечеть аль-Кутубия, касба, крепостные стены, парадные ворота, сады и т.д. К более поздним архитектурным сокровищам относятся дворец Бахия, медресе Бен Юсефа, гробницы Саадидов, ряд крупных жилых особняков и площадь Джемма-эль-Фна – настоящий театр под открытым небом.
source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
Medina de Marrakech
Fundada en 1070-1072 por los almorávides (1056-1147), Marrakech fue durante mucho tiempo un importante centro político, económico y cultural del Occidente musulmán, con una gran influencia en todo el norte de África y Andalucía. De ese periodo datan varias edificaciones impresionantes como la mezquita de Kutubiya, la casba, las murallas almenadas y las puertas monumentales, así como los jardines. Posteriormente, la ciudad se engalanaría con otras joyas arquitectónicas como el palacio Bandia, la madraza de Ben Yussef, las tumbas saadianas, numerosas mansiones señoriales y la plaza de Jamaa El Fna, verdadero teatro al aire libre.
source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
マラケシ旧市街
モロッコ南部の中心都市。モロッコの国名はこの都市に由来している。ムラービト朝時代(1056～1147)に建設され、多くの建造物が残っている。なかでもクトゥビヤのモスクと高さ77mのミナレット(12世紀後半)は、イまでも新たに建設する際の手本であり、他にベン・ユースフのマドラサ(16世紀再建）、サアド朝(1554～1669)の王廟などが有名である。しかし、現在は急速な開発の波にさらされ、多くの建物が崩壊の危機に瀕している。source: NFUAJ
Medina van Marrakesh
Marrakesh werd gesticht in 1070-1072 door de Almoraviden. De stad bleef een tijd lang het politiek, economisch en cultureel centrum en haar invloed werd in de hele westerse islamitische wereld gevoeld, van Noord-Afrika tot Andalusië. Marrakesh heeft een aantal indrukwekkende monumenten zoals de Koutoubiya moskee, de Kasbah, de kantelen, monumentale deuren en tuinen. De Koutoubia moskee – met een minaret van 77 meter – is het symbool van de stad. Later kwamen daar architectonische schatten bij waaronder het Bandiâ paleis, de Ben Youssef madrassa, de Saadian graven, een aantal grote woningen en het openluchttheater Djemaâ El Fna.
Source: unesco.nl
Outstanding Universal Value
Brief synthesis
Founded in 1070-1072 by the Almoravids (1056-1147), capital of the Almohads (1147-1269), Marrakesh was, for a long time, a major political, economic and cultural centre of the western Muslim world, reigning in North Africa and Andalusia. Vast monuments dating back to that period: Koutoubia Mosque, with the matchless minaret of 77 metres, an essential monument of Muslim architecture, is one of the important landmarks of the urban landscape and the symbol of the City, the Kasbah, ramparts, monumental gates and gardens. Later, the town welcomed other marvels, such as the Badiâ Palace, the Ben Youssef merdersa, les Saâdians tombs, Bahia Palace and large residences. Jamaâ El Fna Square, inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, is a true open-air theatre that always amazes visitors. Due to its still protected, original and well conserved conception, its construction materials and decoration in constant use, and its natural environment (notably the Gardens of Aguedal, Ménara and the Palm Grove (Palmeraie) the plantation of which is attributed to the Almoravids), the Medina of Marrakesh possesses all its initial components both cultural and natural that illustrate its Outstanding Universal Value.
Criterion (i): Marrakesh contains an impressive number of masterpieces of architecture and art (ramparts and monumental gates, Koutoubia Mosque, Saâdians tombs, ruins of the Badiâ Palace, Bahia Palace, Ménara water feature and pavilion) each one of which could justify, alone, a recognition of Outstanding Universal Value.
Criterion (ii): The capital of the Almoravids and the Almohads has played a decisive role in medieval urban development. Capital of the Merinids, Fès Jedid (the New town), integral part of the Medina of Fez, inscribed in 1981 on the World Heritage List, is an adaptation of the earlier urban model of Marrakesh.
Criterion (iv): Marrakesh, which gave its name to the Moroccan empire, is a completed example of a major Islamic capital of the western Mediterranean.
Criterion (v): In the 700 hectares of the Medina, the ancient habitat, rendered vulnerable due to demographic change, represents an outstanding example of a living historic town with its tangle of lanes, its houses, souks, fondouks, artisanal activities and traditional trades.
Integrity (2009)
The boundary of the property inscribed on the World Heritage List is correctly defined by the original ramparts that enclose all the requisite architectural and urban attributes for recognition of its Outstanding Universal Value. A revision of these boundaries is envisaged for increased protection of the surroundings of the property.
Nevertheless, the integrity of the property is vulnerable due to pressure from urban development, uncontrolled alterations to upper floors and construction materials of the houses, the abandonment of the Khettaras (underground drainage galleries) and exploitation of the palm groves.
Authenticity (2009)
The ramparts, the Koutoubia Mosque, the kasbah, the Saâdians tombs, the ruins of Badiâ Palace, Menara water feature and pavilion, are examples of many monuments that clearly reflect the Outstanding Universal Value of the property. The authenticity of the inner urban structure and of the monuments remains intact. It is ensured by qualified workmanship carrying out restorations in accordance with standards in force. Reconstruction and redevelopment work carried out in the heart of the historic centre generally respects the original volume and style. The use of traditional materials in these restoration operations has tremendously revived the artisanal trades linked to construction (Zellige, lime plaster (tadallakt), painted and sculpted wood, plastering, wrought ironwork, cabinetmaking, etc.) in addition to trades linked to furnishing and decoration.
Protection and management requirements (2009)
Protection measures are essentially related to different laws for the listing of historic monuments and sites, in particular Law 22-80 concerning heritage. In addition to this legislation, each of the more important monuments of the Medina of Marrakesh is protected by specific regulatory texts. Over and above the local services that are involved with the protection of the Medina, the Regional Inspection for Historic Monuments and Sites (attached to the Ministry for Culture) is specifically responsible for the management, restoration, maintenance and conservation of the historic monuments on the one hand, and on the other, the examination of requests for building and development permits and the control of building sites in the Medina, thus constituting a guarantee for a sustainable protection of the site.
The Architectural Charter of the Medina of Marrakesh, developed by the Urban Agency of Marrakesh in cooperation with the Regional Inspection for Historic Monuments and Sites, comprises a management toolfor the safeguarding of the architectural, urban and landscape heritage of the Medina. It will be applied through the establishment of a specific advisory structure. A convention for the implementation of this Charter was signed on 11 November 2008 between the concerned partners.
The Nomination files produced by the States Parties are published by the World Heritage Centre at its website and/or in working documents in order to ensure transparency, access to information and to facilitate the preparations of comparative analysis by other nominating States Parties.
The sole responsibility for the content of each Nomination file lies with the State Party concerned. The publication of the Nomination file, including the maps and names, does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever of the World Heritage Committee or of the Secretariat of UNESCO concerning the history or legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its boundaries.
Protections
by other conservation instruments
1 protection / 3 elements
2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (3 elements)