Assisi, the Basilica of San Francesco and Other Franciscan Sites
Assisi, the Basilica of San Francesco and Other Franciscan Sites
Assisi, a medieval city built on a hill, is the birthplace of Saint Francis, closely associated with the work of the Franciscan Order. Its medieval art masterpieces, such as the Basilica of San Francesco and paintings by Cimabue, Pietro Lorenzetti, Simone Martini and Giotto, have made Assisi a fundamental reference point for the development of Italian and European art and architecture.
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
Assise, la Basilique de San Francesco et autres sites franciscains
Assise, ville médiévale édifiée sur une colline, est le lieu de naissance de Saint François et elle est étroitement associée au travail de l'Ordre des franciscains. Ses chefs-d'œuvre de l'art médiéval - basilique Saint-François et peintures de Cimabue, Pietro Lorenzetti, Simone Martini et Giotto - ont fait d'Assise une référence fondamentale du développement artistique et architectural de l'Italie et de l'Europe.
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
أسيزي، بازيليك القديس فرنسيس ومواقع فرنسيسكانية أخرى
أسيزي مدينة من القرون الوسطى شيِّدت على هضبة وشهدت ولادة القديس فرنسيس وهي متصلة اتصالاً وثيقًا بعمل الرهبنة الفرنسيسكانية. كما أن تحفها الفنية العائدة إلى القرون الوسطى – كبازيليك القديس فرنسيس، ورسوم تشيمابوي، وبييترو لورنزيتّي، وسيموني مارتيني ودجوتو– جعلت من المدينة مرجعًا أساسيًا للتطور الفني والمعماري في إيطاليا وأوروبا.
source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
阿西西古镇的方济各会修道院与大教堂
阿西西古镇是建在山上的中世纪城市，它是方济各会的创始者意大利人圣方济各(Saint Francis)的出生地，与方济各会的建筑密切联系。这里有许多中世纪的艺术杰作，例如圣方济各大教堂，意大利画家契马布埃(Cimabue)、西蒙纳·马蒂尼(Simone Martini)、洛伦泽蒂(Pietro Lorenzetti)、乔托(Giotto)等大师的绘画作品。这些杰作使得阿西西古镇成为研究意大利以及欧洲艺术和建筑发展的一个重要参考。
source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
Базилика Св. Франциска и другие францисканские памятники в городе Ассизи
Построенный на холме средневековый город Ассизи, родина Св. Франциска, находился в тесной связи с деятельностью францисканского ордена. Его шедевры средневекового искусства, такие как базилика Сан-Франциско, росписи Чимабуэ, Пьетро Лоренцетти, Симоне Мартини и Джотто, сделали Ассизи основной отправной точкой в развитии итальянского и европейского искусства и архитектуры.
source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
Asís, la basílica de San Francisco y otros sitios franciscanos
Edificada en lo alto de una colina, la ciudad medieval de Asís, lugar natal de San Francisco, está estrechamente vinculada a la obra de la orden religiosa fundada por éste. Sus obras maestras del arte medieval –la basílica de San Francisco y las pinturas de Cimabue, Pietro Lorenzetti, Simone Martini y Giotto– hicieron de esta ciudad un elemento de referencia fundamental para el desarrollo de las artes y la arquitectura en Italia y Europa.
source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
アッシージ、聖フランチェスコ聖堂と関連遺跡群
ウンブリア州にあるアッシージは、古代ローマの聖域で13世紀の新都市化とともに栄えた町。フランチェスコ会の活動と深い関わりをもつ土地でもあり、聖フランチェスコと聖女クララの生誕地。聖人の遺骨を埋葬する聖フランチェスコ聖堂は1228年の建立で、イタリア・ゴシック様式初期の代表作である。また、14世紀以後、チマブエやジョットの絵画など中世芸術の傑作を生み出し、イタリアやヨーロッパの芸術や建築を発展させた根源とされる。source: NFUAJ
Assisi, de Basiliek van San Francesco en andere Franciscaanse gebieden
Assisi is een middeleeuwse stad gebouwd op een heuvel en de geboorteplaats van de heilige Franciscus, stichter van van de Franciscaanse kloosterorde. De middeleeuwse meesterwerken in de stad, zoals de basiliek van San Francesco en schilderijen van Cimabue, Pietro Lorenzetti, Simone Martini en Giotto, hebben Assisi tot fundamenteel referentiepunt gemaakt wat betreft de ontwikkeling van Italiaanse en Europese kunst en architectuur. Het is een uniek voorbeeld van de continuïteit van een stadsheiligdom in zijn natuurlijke omgeving, van zijn Umbrisch-Romeinse en middeleeuwse oorsprong tot het heden. Dit komt tot uiting in het culturele landschap, de religieuze ensembles, communicatiesystemen en traditioneel landgebruik.
Source: unesco.nl
Outstanding Universal Value
Brief Synthesis
The property is situated in the central Italian region Umbria, on the slopes of the hill of Asio at the foot of the Subasio mountain, and comprises a rather large territory in which most of the important Franciscan places are located. Assisi and its built territory represent an outstanding example of an Umbrian hill town and cultural landscape that has maintained its historical stratigraphy since antiquity.
Assisi, developed in ancient Roman times achieving importance, in part, as a religious and spiritual centre. It continues that role into the present with its association with the birth and life of Saint Francis (1182-1226) and development of the Franciscan Order since the 13th century, which gives it an important influence in Italy and around the world. The medieval historic centre grew on the foundations of the terraced Roman town extends from the southeast to the northwest. It is flanked by the San Francesco Basilica at one end and the Basilica Santa Chiara at the other. At the summit of the hill town is the Rennaisance fort of Rocca Maggiore. Beyond the town’s walls, the site includes the Carceri Hermitage, in the valley, originally a series of caves occupied by Saint Francis and his companions, and the Saint Damian and Rivotorto sanctuaries along with the Santa Maria degli Angeli Basilica in the plain. It is an extensive site, covering 14,563 hectares with an additional 4,087-hectare buffer zone.
Its association with the works of medieval masters and related art masterpieces, from the Basilica of San Francesco along with the paintings by Cimabue, Pietro Lorenzetti, Simone Martini and Giotto, have made Assisi a fundamental reference point for the development of Italian and European art and architecture.
Criterion (i): Assisi represents an ensemble of masterpieces of human creative genius, such as the Basilica of San Francesco, which have made it a fundamental reference for art history in Europe and in the world.
Criterion (ii): The interchange of artistic and spiritual message of the Franciscan Order has significantly contributed to developments in art and architecture in the world.
Criterion (iii): Assisi represents a unique example of continuity of a city-sanctuary within its environmental setting from its Umbrian-Roman and medieval origins to the present, represented in the cultural landscape, the religious ensembles, systems of communication, and traditional land-use.
Criterion (iv): The Basilica of San Francesco is an outstanding example of a type of architectural ensemble that has significantly influenced the development of art and architecture.
Criterion (vi): Being the birthplace of the Franciscan Order, Assisi has from the Middle Ages been closely associated with the cult and diffusion of the Franciscan movement in the world, focusing on the universal message of peace and tolerance even to other religions or beliefs.
Integrity
The site boundary is adequate as it comprises all the elements, which contribute to the property’s Outstanding Universal Value. The layers of history are preserved with the present town being constructed on the foundations of the ancient Roman town. The territory’s extent assures that a comprehensive representation of the characteristics of its cultural heritage is taken into account, allowing an understanding of their relationships with the landscape, which still maintains its high visual impact. In particular, the boundary comprises the San Francesco Basilica, within the extraordinary and stratified Assisi historic centre, and the other Franciscan places, which have marked the artistic history in Europe as well as in other continents.
Threats to the historic fabric include earthquakes, which have been a factor in Assisi and the surrounding Umbrian region since early times. Tourism may present an additional threat, as this is one of Italy’s major tourist sites and a principal Christian pilgrim site after the Vatican.
Authenticity
Assisi has maintained its authenticity in a remarkable manner. The town’s urban fabric continues to reflect the influences of various époques. Evidence of the Umbrian-Roman town survives on which later urban projects developed. For example, the medieval defence system incorporated elements of ancient Roman structures. The present urban form evolved primarily from the late 15th through the 18th centuries and very little construction has taken place since the mid 20th century. The Roman form continues outside of the town walls with evidence of the ancient road system and land divisions, adapted in the medieval era. The forests and natural areas north and east of the town contain hermitage sites and monastic complexes. Moreover, forested areas linked with Saint Francis are still extant. In addition to the built fabric and cultural landscape, the important artistic works by Cimabue, Giotto, and other masters have been well preserved.
Much of the construction, from ancient times to the present, has been in limestone creating a distinctive Assisi type of stone construction giving unity throughout the various development periods as well as building types.
Assisi continues its medieval role as a spiritual centre for the Franciscan order and an important Christian pilgrimage. Even though the recent earthquake did cause some damage (e.g. collapse of parts of the vaults in the Basilica of San Francesco), the monuments and important art works have since been subject to restoration works following internationally accepted policies. A large number of historic documents found in the libraries, archives and museum, provide information on the individual monuments as well as the entire historic territory.
Protection and management requirements
The legal protective structure and management system are adequate, as the site exhibits a good state of conservation. The historic centre and the religious complexes distributed in the territory are kept in an excellent conservation state, thanks to a systematic and continuous monitoring.
Protection of the site is guaranteed by several legal measures of protection that operate at national, regional, local level. The principal monuments and listed buildings of Assisi, such as the basilicas and other religious complexes as well as the listed urban and rural buildings, are protected by law and under the direct control of the competent offices of the Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities, responsible for art and architecture, archaeology, or archives. The local authority is in charge of controlling the implementation of the law and the legal norms. In addition, since 1950s, the entire municipal area is under legal protection for its natural environment and landscape value. In 1972, a first Master Plan, which identified the areas of protection and conservation and regulated the land use, was approved. This Master Plan is regularly updated to provide additional protection for heritage, including an inventory of existing resources in the rural territory.
At a municipal level, the safeguarding of cultural heritage is reinforced both by an urban planning tool (the Structural Plan) and the World Heritage Management Plan. Together they support an integrated policy for the protection, preservation and valorisation of the property. Specific guidelines for Assisi’s cultural landscape conservation have also been developed and implemented. In addition, a study for the creation of an Observatory to monitor all the natural and anthropic factors related to the property has been undertaken.
An ad hoc office created by the Assisi Municipality is responsible for the management of the World Heritage property. The office is in charge of the Management Plan for the World Heritage property as well as for its valorisation, promotion and monitoring over time. The Management Plan is re-evaluated and updated every five years in order to reassure the adequate safeguarding of the cultural heritage within the town and its territory. Further aims of the Management Plan are to support traditional artisan activities and agricultural production, and to promote cultural and educational initiatives that will bring attention to and understanding of the tangible and intangible heritage resources of the property.
The Nomination files produced by the States Parties are published by the World Heritage Centre at its website and/or in working documents in order to ensure transparency, access to information and to facilitate the preparations of comparative analysis by other nominating States Parties.
The sole responsibility for the content of each Nomination file lies with the State Party concerned. The publication of the Nomination file, including the maps and names, does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever of the World Heritage Committee or of the Secretariat of UNESCO concerning the history or legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its boundaries.