State of Conservation

States Parties

Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Congo Côte d'Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Ghana Guinea Kenya Lesotho Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritius Mozambique Niger Nigeria Senegal South Africa Togo Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 433 Illegal activities 363 Mining 196 Land conversion 191 Civil unrest 166 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 151 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 142 Housing 137 Financial resources 127 War 120 Human resources 118 Ground transport infrastructure 103 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 81 Management activities 77 Water infrastructure 72 Solid waste 64 Legal framework 63 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 60 Oil and gas 60 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 50 Water (rain/water table) 46 Fire (widlfires) 46 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 45 Forestry /wood production 40 Governance 36 Surface water pollution 34 Interpretative and visitation facilities 32 Crop production 32 Deliberate destruction of heritage 30 Drought 30 Commercial hunting 27 Subsistence hunting 25 Invasive / alien freshwater species 23 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 22 Major linear utilities 20 Water (extraction) 19 Marine transport infrastructure 17 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 17 Other climate change impacts 17 Industrial areas 16 Translocated species 16 Air transport infrastructure 10 Air pollution 10 Flooding 10 Commercial development 9 Ground water pollution 9 Relative humidity 9 Society's valuing of heritage 8 Earthquake 6 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 5 Wind 4 Changes to oceanic waters 4 Non-renewable energy facilities 3 Renewable energy facilities 3 Input of excess energy 3 Terrorism 3 Avalanche/ landslide 3 Storms 2 Volcanic eruption 2 Subsistence wild plant collection 1 Low impact research / monitoring activities 1