State of Conservation

States Parties

Algeria Bahrain Egypt Iraq Jordan Lebanon Libya Mauritania Morocco Oman State of Palestine Sudan Syrian Arab Republic Tunisia Yemen

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 256 Housing 151 Management activities 104 Water (rain/water table) 61 Illegal activities 61 Ground transport infrastructure 52 Deliberate destruction of heritage 50 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 47 Legal framework 45 Land conversion 44 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 44 Human resources 43 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 35 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 34 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 33 Water infrastructure 31 Solid waste 29 Flooding 29 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 26 Financial resources 23 Commercial development 21 War 19 Governance 18 Air pollution 17 Oil and gas 17 Interpretative and visitation facilities 15 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 15 Marine transport infrastructure 14 Subsistence hunting 12 Relative humidity 12 High impact research / monitoring activities 12 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 10 Localised utilities 8 Crop production 8 Wind 7 Desertification 7 Major linear utilities 6 Underground transport infrastructure 5 Surface water pollution 5 Temperature 5 Society's valuing of heritage 5 Earthquake 5 Renewable energy facilities 2 Ground water pollution 2 Mining 2 Other climate change impacts 2 Storms 2 Input of excess energy 1 Quarrying 1 Water (extraction) 1 Micro-organisms 1 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 1 Military training 1 Temperature change 1 Avalanche/ landslide 1 Invasive / alien marine species 1 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 1