State of Conservation

States Parties

Albania Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Bulgaria Canada Croatia Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Holy See Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Montenegro North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russian Federation Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Türkiye Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United States of America

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 151 Housing 77 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 56 Surface water pollution 47 Ground transport infrastructure 41 Water infrastructure 37 Legal framework 37 Mining 31 Forestry /wood production 26 Financial resources 24 Oil and gas 21 Storms 21 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 19 Management activities 18 Relative humidity 17 Illegal activities 17 Water (rain/water table) 16 Interpretative and visitation facilities 15 Water (extraction) 15 Industrial areas 14 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 13 Crop production 13 Earthquake 12 Localised utilities 11 Major linear utilities 11 Renewable energy facilities 11 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 11 Commercial development 9 Marine transport infrastructure 9 War 9 Invasive / alien freshwater species 9 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 8 Quarrying 8 Human resources 8 Air pollution 7 Air transport infrastructure 6 Deliberate destruction of heritage 6 Governance 6 Solid waste 5 Micro-organisms 5 High impact research / monitoring activities 5 Temperature 4 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 4 Pollution of marine waters 3 Radiation/light 3 Terrorism 3 Underground transport infrastructure 2 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 2 Wind 2 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 2 Flooding 2 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 2 Ground water pollution 1 Land conversion 1 Pests 1 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 1 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 1 Fire (widlfires) 1