State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Oman Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 1795 Housing 950 Illegal activities 662 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 523 Ground transport infrastructure 496 Land conversion 406 Legal framework 406 Management activities 394 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 317 Mining 310 Human resources 269 Financial resources 267 Water infrastructure 252 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 247 War 226 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 222 Civil unrest 217 Deliberate destruction of heritage 196 Governance 174 Interpretative and visitation facilities 160 Water (rain/water table) 160 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 143 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 134 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 133 Oil and gas 124 Marine transport infrastructure 113 Solid waste 113 Surface water pollution 112 Commercial development 109 Flooding 93 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 90 Forestry /wood production 84 Major linear utilities 73 Fire (widlfires) 71 Crop production 70 Underground transport infrastructure 68 Other climate change impacts 66 Earthquake 65 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 64 Storms 61 Renewable energy facilities 55 Water (extraction) 51 Society's valuing of heritage 49 Air transport infrastructure 45 Commercial hunting 43 High impact research / monitoring activities 43 Invasive / alien freshwater species 42 Air pollution 35 Industrial areas 33 Wind 33 Quarrying 32 Localised utilities 31 Non-renewable energy facilities 31 Ground water pollution 31 Relative humidity 31 Drought 29 Changes to oceanic waters 25 Subsistence hunting 23 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 21 Invasive / alien marine species 21 Input of excess energy 18 Desertification 18 Translocated species 16 Pollution of marine waters 15 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 14 Temperature change 14 Avalanche/ landslide 14 Micro-organisms 8 Military training 7 Hyper-abundant species 5 Aquaculture 4 Subsistence wild plant collection 4 Pests 4 Temperature 4 Low impact research / monitoring activities 4 Terrorism 2 Tsunami/tidal wave 1 Volcanic eruption 1