State of Conservation

States Parties

Albania Austria Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Canada Croatia Czechia Denmark France Germany Hungary Italy Montenegro Netherlands (Kingdom of the) North Macedonia Poland Portugal Romania Russian Federation Slovakia Slovenia Spain Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United States of America

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 181 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 104 Surface water pollution 89 Mining 86 Illegal activities 86 Ground transport infrastructure 75 Water infrastructure 72 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 54 Oil and gas 52 Housing 51 Legal framework 50 Forestry /wood production 48 Major linear utilities 45 Water (extraction) 31 Renewable energy facilities 28 Storms 25 Invasive / alien freshwater species 25 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 24 Crop production 20 Fire (widlfires) 18 Financial resources 18 Ground water pollution 16 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 15 Industrial areas 14 Air pollution 13 Pollution of marine waters 13 Localised utilities 12 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 11 Marine transport infrastructure 11 Land conversion 11 Human resources 11 Non-renewable energy facilities 10 Water (rain/water table) 9 Quarrying 8 Commercial development 7 Commercial hunting 7 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 7 Other climate change impacts 7 Interpretative and visitation facilities 6 Input of excess energy 6 War 5 Governance 5 Solid waste 4 Temperature change 4 Management activities 4 Subsistence hunting 3 Air transport infrastructure 2 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 2 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 2 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 1 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 1