Medici Villas and Gardens in Tuscany
Medici Villas and Gardens in Tuscany
Twelve villas and two gardens spread across the Tuscan landscape make up this site which bears testimony to the influence the Medici family exerted over modern European culture through its patronage of the arts. Built between the 15th and 17th centuries, they represent an innovative system of construction in harmony with nature and dedicated to leisure, the arts and knowledge. The villas embody an innovative form and function, a new type of princely residence that differed from both the farms owned by rich Florentines of the period and from the military might of baronial castles. The Medici villas form the first example of the connection between architecture, gardens, and the environment and became an enduring reference for princely residences throughout Italy and Europe. Their gardens and integration into the natural environment helped develop the appreciation of landscape characteristic Humanism and the Renaissance.
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
Villas et jardins des Médicis en Toscane
Ces douze villas et deux jardins, disséminés dans le paysage toscan, témoignent de l’influence exercée par les Médicis sur la culture européenne moderne par le biais de leurs mécénats. Réalisés en harmonie avec la nature entre le 15e et le 17e siècle, villas et jardins représentent un système original de constructions dédiées aux loisirs, aux arts et à la connaissance. Les villas innovent par leur forme et leur fonction, créant un nouveau genre d’habitation princière à la campagne, totalement différent des fermes possédées à l’époque par tous les riches Florentins mais aussi des châteaux, emblèmes des puissances seigneuriales. Premier exemple de la connexion entre l'architecture, les jardins et l’environnement, les villas représentent une référence constante pour tous les ensembles italiens et européens analogues de résidences princières. Leurs jardins et leur intégration dans l’environnement naturel ont contribué à l’émergence d’une sensibilité esthétique au paysage caractéristique de l’Humanisme et de la Renaissance.
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
Villas y jardines Médici en Toscana
source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
トスカナ地方のメディチ家の別荘と庭園群
メディチ家が築いた別荘建築・庭園の傑作。巨大な富と政治力を背景に、ヨーロッパの近代史に大きな影響を与えたメディチ家は、余暇、芸術と知に関わる活動に専念する別荘建築の優れた例を生み出してきた。なかでも、15～17世紀にトスカナ州に築いた12の別荘と二つの庭園は、周囲の景観と調和した、イタリア・ルネサンス芸術の原型を最もよく残す。この別荘群は政治的・経済的・文化的活動を起こした貴族の田舎の邸宅とは何であったかを総合的に伝えるとともに、ルネサンス時代のイタリア、ひいては近代ヨーロッパに広まった別荘のモデルとなった。source: NFUAJ
De Medici villa's en tuinen in Toscane
Dit werelderfgoed omvat twaalf villa´s en twee lusthoven verspreid over het Toscaanse platteland. Ze getuigen van de invloed die de Medici familie had op de moderne Europese cultuur via haar kunstpatronaat. De villa´s werden gebouwd tussen de 15e en 17e eeuw en vertegenwoordigen een innovatief systeem van landelijke bouw in harmonie met de natuur, gewijd aan vrije tijd, kunst en kennis. Ze vormden een nieuw type prinselijke residentie, verschillend van zowel de boerderijen van rijke Florentijnen als de adellijke kastelen. De Medici residenties verbonden namelijk als eerste habitat, tuinen en omgeving met elkaar. De villa´s werden blijvende referenties voor vorstelijke residenties in heel Italië en Europa.
Source: unesco.nl
Outstanding Universal Value
Brief synthesis
The economic, financial and political fortunes of the Medici were behind extensive patronage that had a decisive effect on the cultural and artistic history of modern Europe. Among the resulting architectural and aesthetic forms, the Medici villas in deep harmony with their gardens and rural environment are among the most original of the Italian Renaissance. The nominated property is a selection of twelve complete villas with their gardens and two additional pleasure gardens spread across the Tuscan countryside and near to Florence. The Medici villa and its gardens embody an ideal of the princely residence in the country where it was possible to live in harmony with nature, and dedicate as much to leisure pastimes as to the arts and knowledge.
Criterion (ii): The Medici villas and gardens in Tuscany are testimony to a synthesis of the aristocratic rural residence, at the end of the Middle Ages, which made material a series of new political, economic and aesthetic ambitions. Villas and gardens formed models that spread widely throughout Italy during the Renaissance and then to the whole of modern Europe.
Criterion (iv): The Medici baronial residences provide eminent examples of the rural aristocratic villa dedicated to leisure, the arts and knowledge. Over a period spanning almost three centuries, the Medici developed many innovative architectural and decorative forms. The ensemble is testimony to the technical and aesthetic organisation of the gardens in association with their rural environment, giving rise to a landscape taste specific to Humanism and the Renaissance.
Criterion (vi): The villas and gardens, together with the Tuscan landscapes of which they are a part, made an early and decisive contribution to the birth of a new aesthetic and art of living. They are testimony to exceptional cultural and artistic patronage developed by the Medici. They form a series of key locations for the emergence of the ideals and tastes of the Italian Renaissance followed by their diffusion throughout Europe.
Integrity
Despite some reservations due to the changes made to certain of the sites and their environment, at times affected by changes in use and modern development, the serial nomination forms an ensemble with sufficient integrity to testify in a credible and satisfactory manner to its Outstanding Universal Value. The serial composition has been fully justified. A significant effort to preserve the characteristic landscapes associated with the sites, and still surviving today, has been announced by the State Party.
Authenticity
The components of the sites testifying to the preservation of the authenticity of the architectural forms, the preservation of decorative styles and materials, the composition of the gardens, usage of the places respectful of the Medici’s achievements and ideals, and the preservation of the main components of the landscapes largely offset the reservations raised during the critical examination of each of the sites that make up the serial property. For those attributes whose authenticity has suffered, many are the subject of a restoration or usage reassignment programme, notably as museums or cultural venues.
Management and protection requirements
The serial property includes villas and gardens listed as national monuments. They are subject to Italian laws on the protection of historic monuments or as cultural sites of national value. These legislative texts are implemented under the Regional Orientation Plan of the Region of Tuscany, then within each municipality through approved structural plans. In addition to the buffer zones, a series of listed or protected landscape zones has been instituted for all the sites, except two (Nos 9 and 10).
An adequate individual management system is in place at each of the sites, together with technical coordination for conservation actions, under the aegis of the Region of Tuscany and the Ministry for Cultural Heritage and Activities. This cooperation for standardised and agreed management was recently extended and formalised in the Memorandum of Understanding, a deed shared by the property’s various partners (Ministry, Region, 4 provinces and 10 municipalities). It has led to the creation of a Steering Committee for the serial property that is scheduled to begin operation starting in fiscal year 2013. It is responsible for monitoring the implementation of the Management Plan, and coordinating the property’s protection, promotion and communication. The Committee will be supported by a Technical Bureau and an Observatory for the property and its conservation. However, their actual implementation needs to be specified. Furthermore, while the conservation of each of the sites is adequately organised, its overall planning should be better highlighted in the Management Plan.
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