Via Appia. Regina Viarum

Via Appia. Regina Viarum

More than 800 kilometres long, the Via Appia is the oldest and most important of the great roads built by the Ancient Romans. Constructed and developed from 312 BCE to the 4th century CE, it was originally conceived as a strategic road for military conquest, advancing towards the East and Asia Minor. The Via Appia later enabled the cities it connected to grow and new settlements emerged, facilitating agricultural production and trade. This property, composed of 19 component parts, is a fully developed ensemble of engineering works, illustrating the advanced technical skill of Roman engineers in the construction of roads, civil engineering projects, infrastructure and sweeping land reclamation works, as well as a vast series of monumental structures including, for example, triumphal arches, baths, amphitheatres and basilicas, aqueducts, canals, bridges, and public fountains.

Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Via Appia. Regina Viarum

Longue de plus de 800 kilomètres, la Via Appia est la plus ancienne et la plus importante des grandes voies romaines. Construite et aménagée de 312 avant notre ère au IVe siècle de notre ère, elle a été conçue à l’origine comme une voie stratégique de conquête militaire vers l’Orient et l’Asie Mineure. La Via Appia a ensuite permis aux villes qu’elle reliait de se développer avec l’apparition de nouveaux établissements, facilitant l’agriculture et le commerce. Ce bien composé de 19 éléments constitutifs constitue un ensemble complet d’équipements et d’ouvrages d’art illustrant la grande technicité de l’ingénierie romaine dans la réalisation de voies, de travaux de génie civil, d’assainissement et de développement, ainsi qu’un vaste ensemble d’ouvrages monumentaux tels des arcs de triomphe, des thermes, des amphithéâtres, des basiliques, des aqueducs, des canaux, des ponts et des fontaines publiques.

Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

مجمَّع الإقامة في شويرن

أُنشئ معظم هذا المجمَّع في القرن التاسع عشر فيما كان يُعرف حينها بعاصمة دوقية مكلنبرغ-شويرن في شمال شرق ألمانيا، ويتألف الموقع من 38 عنصراً، بما فيها قصر إقامة الدوق الأكبر ومنازل النبلاء والمباني المخصصة للأغراض الثقافية والدينية وبحيرة بفايفنتايش الاصطناعية التزيينية. ويلبي هذا المجمَّع أيضاً جميع الوظائف المطلوبة من عاصمة للدوقية من ناحية الإدارة والدفاع والبنية الأساسية للخدمات والنقل والمكانة الاجتماعية والأنشطة الثقافية، إلى جانب الحدائق والقنوات والبرك والبحيرات والأماكن العامة. وتشكِّل هذه المباني مجمَّعاً معمارياً استثنائياً يعكس الروح التاريخية لذلك الوقت التي تتنوع بين النهضة الجديدة والباروك الجديد والكلاسيكية الجديدة مع تأثيرات للنهضة الإيطالية.

source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

阿庇亚道:道路女王

阿庇亚道(Via Appia)全长800多公里,是古罗马人修筑的最古老、最重要的大道。工程始于公元前312年,最初目的是作为军事征服的战略要道,向东方和小亚细亚延伸。直至公元4世纪,它不断得到完善和扩展。后来,阿庇亚道的存在使其连接的城市不断发展壮大,新的居住区涌现,从而促进了农业生产和贸易。该遗产包含19个部分,组成完整的工程建筑群,展现了罗马工程师在道路建设、土木工程项目、基础设施、大规模土地开垦方面的高超技术,以及在建造凯旋门、浴场、圆形剧场和大教堂、渡槽、运河、桥梁、公共喷泉等大型建筑上的精湛技艺。

source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Аппиева дорога. Реджина Виарум

Аппиева дорога длиной более 800 километров — самая древняя и значимая из великих дорог, построенных древними римлянами. Она была построена в 312 году до н. э. и развивалась с IV века н. э. Изначально она задумывалась как стратегическая дорога для военных завоеваний для продвижения на Восток и в Малую Азию. Позднее города, которые соединяла Аппиева дорога, стали разрастаться, появились новые поселения, что способствовало развитию сельского хозяйства и торговли. Объект состоит из 19 составных частей и представляет собой комплекс инженерных работ, иллюстрирующий передовое техническое мастерство римских инженеров в области строительства дорог, объектов гражданской инфраструктуры и мелиоративных работ. В объект также входит множество монументальных сооружений, включая, например, триумфальные арки, бани, амфитеатры и базилики, акведуки, каналы, мосты и фонтаны.

source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Via Appia. Regina Viarum

La Via Appia, con una extensión de más de 800 kilómetros, es la más antigua y la más importante de las grandes vías romanas. La Via Appia, construida y acondicionada desde el 312 a. e. c. hasta el siglo IV a. e. c., fue concebida originalmente como una vía estratégica de conquista militar hacia Oriente y Asia Menor. Posteriormente, la Via Appia permitió el desarrollo de las ciudades que conectaba y el surgimiento de nuevos asentamientos, facilitando así la producción agrícola y el comercio. Este bien, que está compuesto por 19 partes, es un conjunto de obras de ingeniería plenamente desarrollado que ilustra las habilidades técnicas avanzadas que poseían los ingenieros romanos para la construcción de calzadas, los proyectos de ingeniería civil, las infraestructuras y las amplias obras de saneamiento; pero también una gran variedad de estructuras monumentales como arcos triunfales, baños, anfiteatros y basílicas, acueductos, canales, puentes y fuentes públicas.cas.

source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Outstanding Universal Value

Brief synthesis

The serial property Via Appia. Regina Viarum is the oldest Roman road whose route is beyond doubt and among the first created. Built under the authority of the Censor Appius Claudius Caecus from 312 BCE onwards, the Via Appia was originally conceived as a strategic road for military conquest, connecting, via the most direct route, Rome to Capua. As Rome was continuing its territorial expansion, the Via Appia was extended towards Beneventum, Tarentum and Brundisium, thereby paving the way to conquest of the East and Asia Minor. The Via Appia, once the territories conquered by Rome had been stabilized, rapidly became a key route for trade and territorial and cultural development, and was open to everyone to use toll-free. In 109 CE, Emperor Trajan inaugurated the Via Traiana, an extension of the Via Appia intended to connect Beneventum to Brundisium more easily along the Adriatic coast.

Roman engineering resources were fully harnessed to build the Via Appia and Via Traiana, involving sweeping land reclamation works, the construction of major civil engineering works and the use of the most enduring and innovative techniques to build the carriageway. In addition, the road was equipped with numerous amenities to facilitate travel. At many points along it were military milestones indicating distances, fountains for people and animals, and way stations which were soon converted into accommodation and stopping places for travellers. A series of necropolises and funerary sites developed around the road and religious sanctuaries were established on the outskirts of towns. The road set the stage for a vast series of monumental works to be built, and enabled the cities it connected to grow too. New settlements emerged in connection with the Via Appia and an official land division system was introduced.

The Via Appia continued to be used throughout the centuries. It remains an access route to rural villages. At the beginning of the Middle Ages, the Church of Rome relied on it to spread Christianity by reviving agriculture. From the 11th century, the buildings lining the road were repurposed as defensive structures, and pilgrims and Crusaders travelled along it on the way to the Holy Land. Amid renewed interest in antiquity and its monuments during the Renaissance, the Papacy had restoration works carried out on the road due to its spiritual and historical value for Christianity. In the 16th century, the idea of archaeological conservation of the road began to take shape.

The Via Appia assumed significance in the collective memory, whether in literary or iconographic terms, or even musically speaking. It became a key stage of the Grand Tour.

Criterion (iii): The Via Appia. Regina Viarum is among the most enduring testimonies that Roman civilisation has bequeathed to posterity. Its construction was a feat of engineering and technical design which had an influence over much of the Mediterranean for more than a thousand years. The route is lined with all the structural and urban typologies that are characteristic of Roman civilisation.

Criterion (iv): The Via Appia. Regina Viarum bears witness to the outstanding organisational capabilities and administrative efficiency of Roman civilisation. The Via Appia is an example of the innovative technical prowess developed by Rome, the construction of which, in addition to the infrastructures directly associated with it, served as a point of reference for the division of land assigned to army veterans and promoted the regulation and aggregation of new urban residential areas along its course as it was often chosen as a decumanus. The Via Appia thus shaped the development of the ancient cities it connected or which were associated with it. The Via Appia is also accompanied by a monumental ensemble of temples, funerary monuments, aqueducts and villas, and at city entrances, triumphal arches, gates or such amenities as theatres, amphitheatres or baths which all bear witness to an age-old civilisation.

Criterion (vi): The Via Appia. Regina Viarum was a major vector for the spread of ideas and beliefs. It played a key role in the spread of the Christian religion and provided passage to the Holy Land for the Crusaders and huge numbers of pilgrims. Representative of Rome’s power, the Via Appia was symbolically used from the 16th century onwards by numerous victorious generals or monarchs to celebrate their power or their victories. The Via Appia was celebrated by artists of the Renaissance. An object of study for archaeologists, architects and academics, it has fascinated generations of visitors embarking on their Grand Tour.

Integrity

The component parts of the Via Appia. Regina Viarum present notable differences in terms of size and character, which may be natural or urban. Their attributes differ in number, quality or significance and by their state of conservation. They all play a part in representing the Via Appia in its character, course and coherence. The component parts illustrate the major infrastructural achievement that is the Via Appia and its impact on the economic, social and political development of the regions conquered by Rome. The attributes are for the most part archaeological vestiges. They are identifiable and present a good state of conservation.

Authenticity

The Via Appia. Regina Viarum encompasses a vast ensemble of archaeological sites which still retain a number of attributes that are representatives of the role and functions of the road and the wider territory which was able to develop thanks to it. In this context, the initial concept and form have evolved over time but remain nevertheless. The same can be said for the materials and the substance. The road’s primary function concerns the movement of people, goods and ideas. This has evolved without ever disappearing completely over the centuries of its use. Uses have evolved in terms of their motivation but not in terms of their purpose. The wealth of information and knowledge obtained about the Via Appia over the centuries through scientific research and also artistic and literary works also contributes to its authenticity.

Protection and management requirements

The component parts of the Via Appia. Regina Viarum are protected under the Code of the Cultural Heritage and Landscape (Codice dei beni culturali e del paesaggio), drafted pursuant to the Law of 6 July 2002. The Ministry of Culture is responsible for the protection and conservation of cultural heritage, irrespective of ownership of the sites, guaranteed through the local offices for archaeology, fine arts and landscape (Soprintendenze), and coordinated centrally by the Directorate-General for Archaeology, Fine Arts and Landscape. This includes the definition and application of national standards for conservation, restoration and safeguarding to ensure the integrity of the property. Moreover, the Ministry of Culture is responsible for the presentation of its own cultural properties, thereby contributing to the overall management and promotion of the whole of the Via Appia. The regions, together with the local offices of the Ministry of Culture (the Soprintendenze), are in charge of planning related to landscape and cultural properties, via Regional Landscape Plans.

Any modification or transformation is subject to an authorisation, a prerequisite to obtaining the building permit, which is issued by the region or, by delegation, a local authority (province or municipality) and is subject to agreement from the Soprintendenze.  Lastly, environmental protection measures concerning the serial property and the buffer zones are provided for in the framework of Natura 2000 areas, natural protected areas and those defined by the Regional Territorial Landscape Plan (PTPR).

The management system provides for the designation of a single body as the focal point for coordinating the property’s management. The role of this structure will be to maintain coordination between the different stakeholders and to carry out actions as part of a network to ensure the overall conservation and promotion of the management plan. It will oversee and manage the network of stakeholders and associated institutions.