Pasargadae
Pasargadae
Pasargadae was the first dynastic capital of the Achaemenid Empire, founded by Cyrus II the Great, in Pars, homeland of the Persians, in the 6th century BC. Its palaces, gardens and the mausoleum of Cyrus are outstanding examples of the first phase of royal Achaemenid art and architecture and exceptional testimonies of Persian civilization. Particularly noteworthy vestiges in the 160-ha site include: the Mausoleum of Cyrus II; Tall-e Takht, a fortified terrace; and a royal ensemble of gatehouse, audience hall, residential palace and gardens. Pasargadae was the capital of the first great multicultural empire in Western Asia. Spanning the Eastern Mediterranean and Egypt to the Hindus River, it is considered to be the first empire that respected the cultural diversity of its different peoples. This was reflected in Achaemenid architecture, a synthetic representation of different cultures.
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Pasargades
Pasargades fut la première capitale dynastique de l’Empire achéménide fondée au VIe siècle av. J.-C. par Cyrus II le Grand au cœur du Fars, la patrie des Perses. Ses palais, jardins, et le mausolée de Cyrus constituent de remarquables exemples de la première période de l’art et de l’architecture achéménide, et des témoignages exceptionnels de la civilisation perse. Les vestiges les plus dignes d’intérêt sur ce site de 160 ha sont notamment : le mausolée de Cyrus II, le Tall-e Takht, une terrasse fortifiée, et un ensemble royal composé de vestiges d’une porte, d’une salle d’audience, du palais résidentiel et du jardin. Pasargades fut la capitale du premier grand empire pluriculturel en Asie occidentale. S’étendant de la Méditerranée orientale et de l’Égypte à l’Hindus, il est considéré comme le premier empire à avoir respecté la diversité culturelle des différents peuples qui le constituaient. En témoigne l’architecture achéménide, représentation synthétique de cultures diverses.
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
بازارقادش
كانت بازارقادش العاصمة الملكية الأولى للامبراطورية الأخيمينية التي أسسها في القرن السادس ق.م. قورش الثاني الكبير في قلب فارس. وتشكل قصورها وحدائقها وضريح قورش أمثلة رائعة عن الحقبة الأولى للفن والفن المعماري الأخيمينيين، وشهادة استثنائية على الحضارة الفارسية. أما الآثار الأكثر جدارة بالاهتمام في هذا الموقع الممتد على مساحة 160 هكتارًا فهي بصورة خاصة: ضريح قورش الثاني، تلّ التخت، على مصطبة محصّنة ومجموعة ملكية مؤلفة من آثار لباب، وقاعة اجتماعات، والقصر السكني والحديقة. وكانت بازارقادش عاصمة الامبراطورية الكبرى الأولى المتعددة الثقافات في آسيا الغربية. فهي إذ امتدت من شرق المتوسط ومصر إلى الهند، اعتبرت الامبراطورية الأولى التي احترمت التنوع الثقافي للشعوب المختلفة التي تكونها. وتشهد على ذلك الهندسة المعمارية الأخيمينية، وهي تختصر ثقافات متنوعة متعددة.
source: UNESCO/CPE
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帕萨尔加德
帕萨尔加德是阿契美尼德帝国第一个朝代的首都，由赛勒斯二世(Cyrus II)于公元前6世纪在波斯人的土地上建造而成。它的宫殿、花园和赛勒斯的陵墓都突出反映了皇家艺术和建筑特色，以及波斯人的文明程度。160公顷的遗址包括：赛勒斯二世的陵墓、防御看台塔勒塔克、皇家门楼建筑、谒见厅、寝宫和花园。帕萨尔加德是西亚第一个多文化帝国的首都，其疆域从地中海东部、埃及延伸到印度河地区，被认为是第一个尊重其子民文化多样性的帝国。从阿契美尼德的建筑可反映出其对不同文化的融会贯通。
source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
Древний город Пасаргады
Эта первая династическая столица империи Ахеменидов – первого великого многокультурного государства в Западной Азии, – была основана Киром II Великим в Фарсе – родине персов, в VI в. до н.э. Ее дворцы, сады и мавзолей Кира являются выдающимися творениями начального этапа развития искусства и архитектуры Ахеменидов и важнейшим свидетельством развития персидской цивилизации. Эта империя, простиравшаяся от Восточного Средиземноморья и Египта до реки Инд, признается первым в мире государством, в котором уважалось культурное своеобразие разных народов.
source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
Pasargadas
La ciudad de Pasargadas, fundada en el siglo VI a.C. por Ciro II el Grande en la región de Pars, cuna del imperio persa, fue la primera capital de la dinastía de los aqueménidas. Sus palacios y jardines, así como el mausoleo de Ciro, no sólo constituyen una muestra excepcional de la primera fase del arte y la arquitectura aqueménidas, sino también un testimonio ejemplar de la civilización persa. Además del mausoleo de Ciro II, entre los vestigios arqueológicos dignos de mención de este sitio de 160 hectáreas, cabe destacar la terraza fortificada denominada Tall-e Takht y el conjunto arquitectónico palacial formado por un pórtico de entrada, una sala de audiencias, aposentos reales y jardines. Pasargadas fue la capital del primer gran imperio multicultural del Asia Occidental, que se extendía desde Egipto y las orillas del Mediterráneo Oriental hasta las del río Indo. Se estima que ese imperio fue el primero en respetar la diversidad cultural de sus distintos pueblos. Esta característica ha quedado reflejada en la arquitectura de los aqueménidas, que sintetiza los aportes culturales de las diferentes poblaciones gobernadas por esta dinastía.
source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0
パサルガダエ
パサルガダエ（「ペルシア人の本営」の意）は、アケメネス朝最初の首都で、紀元前6世紀にキュロス2世（大王）によって、ペルシア人の地ファールスに建設された。その宮殿や庭園、キュロス2世の霊廟、丘の上の砦や王室の守衛詰所群、公開堂などを含む160haの地域にある建造物は、アケメネス朝の芸術・建築の初期の特徴を示す好例である。アケメネス朝の版図は、東地中海やエジプトからヒンズー川まで広がり、異なる民族を受け入れ、多様な文化を尊重した西アジアで始めての帝国であった。このことは優れた融合文化を生み出したアケメネス朝時代を通じて他の建築物にも見られる。source: NFUAJ
Pasargadae
Pasargadae was de eerste dynastieke hoofdstad van het Achaemenidische Rijk. Cyrus de Grote stichtte de stad tijdens de 6e eeuw voor Christus in Pars, thuisland van de Perzen. De paleizen, tuinen en het mausoleum van Cyrus zijn een uitzonderlijk bewijs van de Perzische beschaving en de eerste fase van de koninklijke Achaemenidische kunst en architectuur. Het gebied is 160 hectare groot en wordt gekenmerkt door het Mausoleum van Cyrus de Grote, Tall-e Takht – een verstevigd terras en een koninklijk complex (een poortgebouw, audiëntiezaal en residentieel paleis met tuinen). Men ziet Pasargadae als het eerste rijk dat de culturele diversiteit van verschillende volkeren respecteerde.
Source: unesco.nl
Outstanding Universal Value
Brief Synthesis
Founded in the 6th century BC in the heartland of the Persians (today the province of Fars in southwestern Iran), Pasargadae was the earliest capital of the Achaemenid (First Persian) Empire. The city was created by Cyrus the Great with contributions from the different peoples who comprised the first great multicultural empire in Western Asia. The archaeological remains of its palaces and garden layout as well as the tomb of Cyrus constitute an outstanding example of the first phase of the evolution of royal Achaemenid art and architecture, and an exceptional testimony to the Achaemenid civilisation in Persia. The “Four Gardens” type of royal ensemble, which was created in Pasargadae, became a prototype for Western Asian architecture and design.
The 160-ha archaeological site of Pasargadae presents some of the earliest manifestations of Persian art and architecture. It includes, among other monuments, the compact limestone tomb on the Morgab plain that once held Cyrus the Great’s gilded sarcophagus; Tall-e Takht (“Solomon’s Throne”), a great fortified platform built on a hill and later incorporated into a sprawling citadel with substantial mud-brick defences; and the royal ensemble, which consists of several palaces originally located within a garden layout (the so-called “Four Gardens”). Pasargadae became a prototype for the Persian Garden concept of four quadrants formally divided by waterways or pathways, its architecture characterised by refined details and slender verticality.
Pasargadae stands as an exceptional witness to the Achaemenid civilisation. The vast Achaemenid Empire, which extended from the eastern Mediterranean and Egypt to the Hindus River in India, is considered the first empire to be characterised by a respect for the cultural diversity of its peoples. This respect was reflected in the royal Achaemenid architecture, which became a synthesized representation of the empire’s different cultures. Pasargadae represents the first phase of this development into a specifically Persian architecture which later found its full expression in the city of Persepolis.
Criterion (i):Pasargadae is the first outstanding expression of the royal Achaemenid architecture.
Criterion (ii):The dynastic capital of Pasargadae was built by Cyrus the Great with a contribution by different peoples of the empire created by him. It became a fundamental phase in the evolution of the classic Persian art and architecture.
Criterion (iii):The archaeological site of Pasargadae, with its palaces, gardens, and the tomb of the founder of the dynasty, Cyrus the Great, represents an exceptional testimony to the Achaemenid civilisation in Persia.
Criterion (iv):The “Four Gardens” type of royal ensemble which was created in Pasargadae, became a prototype for Western Asian architecture and design.
Integrity
Within the boundaries of the archaeological site of Pasargadae are located the known elements and components necessary to express the Outstanding Universal Value of the property, including the tomb of Cyrus the Great, the remains of the Tall-e Takht fortified platform, and the remains of the royal ensemble within the Four Gardens. The ancient capital extended much beyond the inscribed property, but has not yet been excavated.
The main identified pressures on the integrity of the property are from agriculture, and from the possibility of the growth of the villages in the buffer zone. There is also a risk of flooding, which has caused some damage in past years. The violent winds and burning sun of the Morgab plain likewise represent significant threats to some of the archaeological remains. Human interventions also pose threats: damage from vandalism has been noted, and the mud-brick elements of Tall-e Takht are in poor condition because of the excavations carried out there in the 1960s.
Authenticity
There is no doubt that Pasargadae represents the ancient capital of the Achaemenians, and is authentic in terms of its location and setting, materials and substance, and forms and design. The setting of Pasargadae has undergone no change over the course of time, and the site is part of an agricultural landscape that continues to be cultivated. Recent restoration work has respected the authenticity of the monuments, utilizing traditional technology and materials in harmony with the ensemble. No changes have been made to the general plan of Pasargadae, its buildings or its gardens. Moreover, there are no modern reconstructions at Pasargadae; the remains of all the monuments are authentic.
Protection and management requirements
The Pasargadae Ensemble was registered in the national list of Iranian monuments as item no. 19 on the 24th of the month Shahrivar, 1310 SAH (15 September 1931). Relevant national laws and regulations concerning the property include the National Heritage Protection Law (1930, updated 1998) and the 1980 Legal bill on preventing clandestine diggings and illegal excavations. The inscribed World Heritage property, which is owned by the Government of Iran, and its buffer zone are under the legal protection and management of the Iranian Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization (which is administered and funded by the Government of Iran). The property and buffer zone are also under a regional master plan with its own regulations. The Pasargadae Management Plan was prepared in 2002 to provide guidance on preserving the value and significance of the archaeological and cultural landscape of this site. Pasargadae Research Base, a management and conservation office established in Pasargadae in 2001, is responsible for the investigation, conservation, restoration, reorganization, and presentation of Pasargadae. Upgrading training and skills is offered by the office in cooperation with universities and scientific institutes in Iran and abroad. Financial resources for Pasargadae are provided through national and provincial budgets, and site admission fees.
Sustaining the Outstanding Universal Value of the property over time will require examining, developing, and implementing methods for controlling erosion resulting from various factors (physical, chemical, environmental, etc.); minimising or eliminating any damage that may result from agriculture or from flooding; avoiding excavations that put the archaeological remains at increased risk; preventing damage caused by vandalism by training the guards and raising the awareness of local people; and preventing any improper expansion of the inhabited areas (villages, for instance) that may have a negative impact on the Outstanding Universal Value, integrity or authenticity of the property.
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