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5.321s
Categories
Activities 156
Committee 5
Documents 3415
Events 568
FAQ 63
News 1332
Pages 30
Partners 25
Publications 60
State of Conservation 2826
States Parties 51
Tentative Lists 945
World Heritage Properties 149
7333.
Uzbekistan,
Ground transport infrastructure (Large-scale development projects such as road building)
Housing (Traditional housing and proposed demolition of mahalla residential areas)
Management deficiency (Impact of urban landscaping programme on the authenticity and integrity of the property)
Management Systems/Management Plan (Lack of strategic approach to urban ...
7334.
Central African Republic,
Insecurity and porosity of borders
Poaching
Artisanal mining
Transboundary transhumance and illegal grazing
Illegal fishing
Illegal occupation of the property
Lack of protection and management measures
Petroleum exploration activities
,On 1 February 2024 the State Party submitted a report on the state of conservation of the property, available at ...
7335.
Le bien se trouve affecté comme Monument Historique National par Résolution du Pouvoir Exécutif Nº 584/86 du 14 d'août 1986. De ce fait, il se trouve aussi inclus comme Bien d'Intérêt Municipal, par Décret du Législatif Départemental de Montévideo Nº 26864 du 5 d'août 1995. La Rambla parcourt trois zones qui se trouvent sous protection ...
7336.
Zimbabwe,
Poaching (issue resolved)
Oil exploration programme (issue resolved)
Mining project
Tourism development
,On 31 January 2011, a report on the state of conservation of the property was submitted by the State Party of Zimbabwe. Although a joint report was also requested, there was no input to the report from the neighbouring State Party of Zambia. From 9-15 January ...
7337.
Democratic Republic of the Congo,
Political uncertainties,
New settlements in the Park,
Gold mining,
Livestock grazing,
Destruction of vegetation,
Poaching,
Agricultural encroachment,
Over-exploitation of fish populations,
Lack of financial resources
,At its twenty-fourth ordinary session (June 26 - July 1, 2000, Paris), the Bureau reviewed a summary report of an ...
7338.
Democratic Republic of the Congo,
Proposed construction of a highway (issue resolved)
Armed conflict
Uncontrolled arrival of refugees causing deforestation and poaching
,At its twenty-fourth ordinary session (June 26 - July 1, 2000, Paris), the Bureau reviewed a summary report of an intermediary mission to DRC, including to the war-impacted eastern parts of the country, ...
7339.
Democratic Republic of the Congo,
Armed conflict in the region
Poaching
Illegal encroachment and housing construction
Need to design and implement small-scale projects benefiting local populations
,At its twenty-fourth ordinary session (June 26 - July 1, 2000, Paris), the Bureau reviewed a summary report of an intermediary mission to DRC, including to the war-impacted ...
7340.
Syrian Arab Republic,Before the conflict:
Legal framework (Protection Policy does not adequately integrate cultural landscapes)
Financial resources
Human resources
Housing (Development or infrastructure projects)
Management System/Management Plan (Management Plan still incomplete and lack of an Action Plan)
Since March 2011:
War (Destruction and damage due to the ...
7341.
Serbia,a) Lack of legal status of the property;
b) Lack of legislative protection of buffer zones;
c) Lack of implementation of the Management Plan and of active management;
d) Difficulties to monitor the property due to political instability, post-conflict situation (visits under the Kosovo Stabilisation Force / United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo ...
7342.
7343.
In the place they are visible the following constructions: the Colonial Fort San Felipe of the XVI century, the Carmen's church 1927; Club Union Puertoplateño 1895, the house Rothschil-Pimentel 1906, the house Embroiders CastelIanos built in 1865, the ruined walls of the time of the annexation to Spain (1861 - 1865), Augusto Benz's House of 1918, Country's House of Don ...
7344.
The area encompasses the settlements of Studor and Stara Fuzina and the alpine pastures known as the Fuzina Hills. The altitude varies from 540 m in Stara Fuzina to 1,700 m on top of Mt Tosc. The area covers approximately 50 kmr. The function of the Fuzina Hills was the result of the specific needs of pasture cattle-raising, where it is common for cattle to gradually move ...
7345.
The Huong Son Comples oi natural and cultural properties is situated on a limestone mountain range, some 60 kilometres southwest of the national capital of Fanoi. This mountain range was formed more than 200 million years ago. During its orogenetic movements, many scenic valleys' stream and caves were formed, adding attraction to the limestone mountains and natural ...
7346.
On 6 October, the Director-General of UNESCO, Koïchiro Matsuura, opened an exhibition on "World Heritage Sites in Croatia" in the presence of Mr Krešimir Filipec, Assistant Minister of Culture; Ambassador Ritz, Permanent Delegate of Croatia to UNESCO; the Mayors of Dubrovnik, Split and Togir, as well as the Deputy Mayor of Poreć and the Director of Plitvice ...
7347.
Paris - UNESCO'S Director-General Federico Mayor launched yesterday in Maputo an international appeal to safeguard the Island of Mozambique. He also inaugurated, on behalf of the United Nations System, a trust fund to implement the Agenda for the Sustainable Development and Integral Conservation of the World Heritage Site of the Island of Mozambique. UNESCO is contributing ...
7348.
A fund to help the States of sub-Saharan Africa improve the preservation of their cultural and natural heritage will be launched in South Africa on 5 May. The African World Heritage Fund will also be used to help boost the number of African sites on UNESCO's World Heritage List. Sub-Saharan Africa is severely under-represented on the List. Despite great cultural and ...
7349.
At the 57th International Astronautical Federation (IAF) Congress held in Valencia, Spain from 2-6 October 2006, UNESCO and the European Space Agency's (ESA) Open Initiative on Space Technologies to Monitor Natural and Cultural Heritage of UNESCO Sites held a plenary event for the general public with the theme 'Space Technologies for the Benefit of Society'. It covered the ...
7350.
The conference on "Management and Preservation of Historic Cities inscribed on the World Heritage List" is taking place in St Petersburg from 29 January to 3 February 2007. It is a follow-up to the February 2006 international UNESCO/ICOMOS mission to St Petersburg reviewing a number of conservation and planning issues in this city, including the extension to the Marinsky ...
7351.
The following statement is issued by the Chairman of UNESCO's Executive Board, Mr Zhang Xinsheng. 1. The six Arab members of the Executive Board addressed a letter to the Chairman of the Executive Board on 14 February 2007, requesting that a special session of the Board be held on the subject of the activities under way at the site of the Old City of Jerusalem, in ...
7352.
Dr. Keiji Tachikawa, President of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and Koïchiro Matsuura, Director-General of UNESCO, on 2 December signed a cooperation agreement through which JAXA will assist UNESCO by bringing the benefits of space technology to the monitoring of World Heritage sites.
With this agreement JAXA joins a group of more than 50 partners, ...
7353.
The latest World Heritage site to benefit from the Rapid Response Facility (RRF) is the Belize Barrier Reef System (BBRS). Recognized in large part for its extensive coral reef and mangrove ecosystems, this property is particularly vulnerable to siltation of the clear tropical waters on which it depends. The RRF was approached by the Ya'axche Conservation Trust (YCT), ...
7354.
The Rapid Response Facility (RRF) has awarded Belizean conservation group Wildtracks with a grant to assess proposed dredging and mangrove clearance within Corozal Bay Wildlife Sanctuary, affecting what may be the only breeding location for the critically endangered smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata) in Belize.
Corozal Bay and the adjacent Bacalar Chico Marine Reserve, ...
7355.
The Director-General of UNESCO Irina Bokova today launched the 40th anniversary celebrations for the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, adopted by UNESCO's Member States on 16 November 1972.
In her address, the Director-General called for a year of renewal for World Heritage. "Heritage stands at the crossroads of climate ...
7356.
On January 15th, forest fires were spotted on the slopes of Mount Kenya, the highest mountain in Africa. Inscribed onto the World Heritage list in 1997, Mount Kenya is a critical refuge for a host of iconic species, ranging from the African elephant, the leopard, and a variety of antelopes and rare birds. The mountain is also referred to as Kenya’s water tower, as it ...
7357.
The World Heritage Centre took part in a Conference organized by the UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UN-ISDR) and the Municipality of Venice on "Building Cities Resilience to Disasters in Europe: Protecting Cultural Heritage and Adapting to Climate Change" (Venice, 19-20 March 2012).
Part of the international campaign called "Making my City Resilient - My ...
7358.
36th Session of World Heritage Committee Youth Forum: Kazan (Republic of Tatarstan) 1 - 9 July, 2012
The Youth Model of the World Heritage Committee, to be held in Kazan from 1 to 9 July, is designed to attract the attention of young people of the States Parties to the World Heritage Convention to the problem of preservating natural and cultural heritage and to raise awareness of youth activities related to the Convention, its role and its international importance ...
7359.
The cultural landscape of the Loire Valley (France) has launched a new promotion and interpretation tool: a geo localized application for Smartphones on the landscape of the Loire valley: "The Loire valley: view from the train “.
This application is a Mission Val de Loire’s initiative with the Centre and Pays de la Loire regions’, in partnership with ...
7360.
Using its revolutionary 360-degree panoramic underwater camera, the Catlin Seaview Survey aims at revealing the hidden wonders of our oceans. This technology will for the first time provide a comprehensive snapshot of the exceptional values of marine sites on the World Heritage List.
Through its dive expeditions, the survey captures stunning imagery every few seconds ...
7361.
The World Heritage Centre (WHC) is pleased to announce the Call for Projects for the World Heritage Volunteers (WHV) Campaign 2016. In the framework of the UNESCO World Heritage Education Programme, the Initiative is led by the UNESCO World Heritage Centre (WHC) in collaboration with the Co-ordinating Committee for International Voluntary Service (CCIVS), European Heritage ...
7362.
On 16 November 2015, the 38th Session of the General Conference of UNESCO adopted a resolution proclaiming May 5th as African World Heritage Day, in conjunction with the 10th anniversary of UNESCO’s decision to create the African World Heritage Fund (AWHF) (2006-2016).
This Resolution, in line with UNESCO’s Priority Africa programme, is aimed to increase international ...
7363.
The Arctic stretches across the top of the planet, spanning 5.5 million square miles. Its icy waters are home to wildlife found nowhere else, including bowhead whales, narwhals, and walrus. The Arctic is also ground zero for climate change. Rising temperatures and melting sea ice are opening up new shipping routes and potential oil and gas developments.
IUCN, International ...
7364.
The Qatar Development Fund (QDF) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) signed today their first Memorandum of Understanding to support the implementation of UNESCO’s programme for the protection of cultural and natural heritage in emergency situations.
The MOU provides a $2 million grant as part of a 2014 pledge by H.E. the Prime ...
7365.
Welcoming a growing alliance around the protection of cultural heritage under attack, UNESCO Director-General Irina Bokova appealed for reinforced advocacy, strengthened legislation and measures to fight impunity for war crimes and destruction of heritage, during an event held during the World Economic Forum in Davos on 21 January 2016.
Welcoming a growing alliance around ...
7366.
“I am sincerely distressed by the recent attacks against cultural heritage in Yemen. These attacks increase the human suffering and deprive the people of Yemen of their culture, which is an essential element of their identity, a source of fulfillent and a major asset for the future recovery and development of the country” declared the Director General of UNESCO, Ms. Irina ...
7367.
The International Indigenous Peoples’ Forum on World Heritage (IIPFWH) was launched on 25 June 2018 during the 42nd Session of the World Heritage Committee, held in Manama, Bahrain.
“Our newly established Forum will focus on capacity strengthening for effective participation of Indigenous peoples in World Heritage processes, and we hope to establish diverse partnerships in ...
7368.
Under the high patronage of H.E. Abdulaziz bin Mohamed Al-Rowas, Advisor for Cultural Affairs to His Majesty the Sultan of Oman, some 30 experts gathered in Salalah, Oman, from 3 to 5 December 2018, to discuss the future of the World Heritage property “Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley” and to enhance cooperation between relevant ...
7369.
Seabourn, the world’s leading small ship cruise line, has signed an agreement to extend its official partnership with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in a unique alliance to help protect World Heritage.
The five-year extension will continue to foster wider support and understanding in the travel industry and among travelers for ...
7370.
UNESCO has been at the forefront of exploring and managing the impacts of climate change on World Heritage, and supports World Heritage sites on climate change adaptation and mitigation activities.
The promotion of renewable energy production is of great importance, as this technology is among the key solutions for the mitigation of climate change and the promotion of ...
7371.
On the 1st of October, the second online World Heritage Nomination workshop, for Anglophone and Francophone countries, was officially closed by the Director of the World Heritage Centre. The training examined the challenges and strengths of nomination dossiers for 12 countries from the African Region, namely Benin, Cameroon, Cote-d’Ivoire, Gabon, Mali, Malawi, Nigeria, ...
7372.
The Kingdom of Eswatini ratified the World Heritage Convention in 2005 and established its first Tentative List in 2008. However, Eswatini remains one of the 12 African countries without property inscribed on the World Heritage List.
In line with UNESCO’s Priority Africa, Eswatini has been benefiting from the “Capacity-building programme for the nomination of World ...
7373.
Turkmenistan,,The State Party’s report was received by the World Heritage Centre on 1 February 2008. This report provides brief information on the following:
a) The access stairs and viewing platform at Old Nisa have been repaired and renovated, and a new site map has been installed;
b) Information boards for each site have been installed, and two additional viewing ...
7374.
Turkmenistan,Necessity to strengthen legal protection and management mechanism to safeguard the property.,A report addressing the points raised by the Committee at its 28th session (Suzhou, 2004) was submitted by the State Party on 10 March 2005.
The official documents relating to the protection, entitled Commitments for Protection of Monuments, have been revised ...
7375.
Peru,Frequent seismic activity in the region, plus flooding during the rainy season.,On 18 January 2005, the State Party submitted to the World Heritage Centre an outline programme for Emergencies and Disaster Reduction, as requested by the World Heritage Committee at its 28th session. The document includes a brief description of the objectives of the plan for whose ...
7376.
Lebanon,Need to establish an international safeguarding campaign,UNESCO was informed of a land fill project in part of the bay adjacent to the old port north of Tyr, in the immediate vicinity of the World Heritage site, in order to build a tourist complex. A project of that kind would irremediably destroy the underwater archaeological remains located near the old port and ...
7377.
Peru,
Fragility of its adobe structures;
Occupation of land by farmers
,The Committee at its twentieth session requested the Peruvian authorities to submit, by 15 September 1997, a full report on the state of conservation of Chan Chan, including proposals regarding the future conservation and management of the site in order to enable the Committee to decide if additional ...
7378.
Côte d'Ivoire,Guinea,
Lack of Management Plan;
Lack of funding;
Poaching;
New railway;
Mining;
Proposed reduction of the protected area;
Refugees from Liberia
,The Committee, at its last session (Naples, 1997), had requested the State Party (Guinea) and the Centre to contact the relevant mining companies, which foresee exploiting an iron-ore mine in the vicinity of the ...
7379.
Albania,
Difficult financial situation
Need for monitoring of the situation at the site
,On the basis of a joint UNESCO-ICOMOS-Butrint Foundation assessment mission (October 1997), the Committee at its twenty-first session decided to inscribe Butrinti on the List of World Heritage in Danger and to allocate US$ 100,000 as emergency assistance for the implementation of ...
7380.
Türkiye,
Need for information on the Urban development Plan
Need to monitor the structure of the buildings
,The State Party, by letter of 2 October from the Permanent Delegate of Turkey to UNESCO, informed the Secretariat that:
Ø the Conservation Plan at 1:5000 scale prepared by the Istanbul Technical University was submitted to the Greater Istanbul ...
7381.
Pakistan,Demolition of the 375-year old essential hydraulic works of the Shalamar Gardens to enlarge a road,Principal issues:
Lack of a comprehensive management strategy and plan, urban encroachment and ad-hoc public works; Need for enhancing the capacity of the site management authorities in conservation techniques, project elaboration, and site presentation.
New ...
7382.
Xi'an, China,Interactive Technologies & Sociotechnical Systems:New Developments and Solutions for Cultural Heritage, Healthcare, Gaming, Robotics and the ArtsThe 12th VSMM conference is hosted this year in the magnificent cultural city of Xi’an, China, known for the Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses, which are praised as "the eighth major wonder of the world”.This is the ...
7383.
UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, France,Traveling Exhibition: Between heaven and earth: Mont-Saint-Michel and sacred mountains of the world.
In many civilizations, humankind has chosen extraordinary mountainous areas to establish sanctuaries lost between heaven and earth. Some of these places have been inscribed on the World Heritage List and are the focus of a project ...
7384.
,Brazilian government promotes educational meeting on actions in favor of Cultural Heritage with youngsters from 19 countries.
The National Historical and Artistic Heritage Institute - Iphan, in partnership with the Brazilian Federation of Youth Hostels, promotes the regional edition of the World Heritage Youth Forum, from 16 to 26 July 2010. The participants are young ...
7385.
,The Central Asian Sub-Regional Meeting on Sustainable Tourism and Development Initiatives will focus on three major goals:
the strengthening of coordination and the improvement of collaboration amongst relevant stakeholders in Central Asia;
the challenges and opportunities in tourism development on the Silk Roads; and
solutions and methods for future tourism ...
7386.
Montpellier and Florac, France,International Meetings of Mediterranean agropastoralism’s main actors, Montpellier and Florac, FranceThe International Meeting of Mediterranean agropastoralism’s main actors is organized by The Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Montpellier, International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM-IAMM) and the Entente ...
7387.
Maun, Botswana,Effective transboundary cooperation among Botswana, Angola and Namibia on management of the shared Cubango-Okavango River Basin is critical for the conservation of the Okavango Delta World Heritage property (Botswana), inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2014 under criteria (vii) (ix) and (x) due to its exceptional biodiversity and scenic values. Almost ...
7388.
,The World Heritage City Lab “World Heritage Sites: Sustainable Development Practices for Urban Heritage” was held on 30 November 2021, dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the inscription of the World Heritage property “Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra” on the UNESCO World Heritage List and in the framework of the UNESCO HUL ...
7389.
Each issue of the World Heritage magazine goes beyond a visual account of cultural and natural sites: it invites readers to understand their significance and their uniqueness and to take action for their long-term protection. Through its articles, images and testimonies, the magazine embodies UNESCO’s commitment to making World Heritage a lever for resilience, ...
7390.
Uganda,a) Mining activities inside the property;
b) Staffing and budgetary deficiencies;
c) Degradation of buffer zone;
d) Impact of tourism and climbing expeditions;
e) Climate Change.,On 16 February 2012, the State Party submitted a comprehensive report on the state of conservation of the property covering progress made during the 3 year period since the previous State ...
7391.
Democratic Republic of the Congo,a) Armed conflict, lack of security and political instability;
b) Attribution of a petroleum exploration permit inside the property;
c) Poaching by the army and armed groups;
d) Encroachment;
e) Extension of illegal fishing areas;
f) Deforestation and cattle grazing.,The State Party submitted a state of conservation report on 2 February ...
7392.
Panama,a) Severe deterioration of historic buildings that threatens the Outstanding Universal Value of the property;
b) Conflicting interests of different stakeholders with regards to the use, management and conservation of the historic centre;
c) Limited capacity for the rehabilitation and maintenance of historic structures;
d) Deficiencies in the implementation of the ...
7393.
Serbia,a) Lack of legal status of the property;
b) Lack of legislative protection of buffer zones;
c) Lack of implementation of the management plan and of active management;
d) Difficulties to monitor the property due to political instability, post-conflict situation (visits under the Kosovo Stabilisation Force / United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo ...
7394.
Higher education is crucial to the long-term preservation of World Heritage sites. As the World Heritage List grows, there is an urgent need for qualified professionals to manage every aspect of the sites, from conservation and preservation to monitory, to tourism and visitor flows as well as interaction with local authorities and communities.
The World Heritage Centre ...
7395.
The UNESCO-Greece Melina Mercouri International Prize for the Safeguarding and Management of Cultural Landscapes was created in 1995 to reward outstanding examples of action to safeguard and enhance the world’s cultural landscapes.
UNESCO-Greece Melina Mercouri International Prize for the Safeguarding and Management of Cultural Landscapes
Tae Rak channel and ...
7396.
Government of Norway
© Shutterstock / Andrei Armiagov / West Norwegian Fjords
Since 2019, Norway has been among the top donors to UNESCO and the World Heritage Fund, allowing predictable and long-term support to safeguarding of World Heritage. These activities enhance management of threatened UNESCO-listed sites notably in Africa and contribute to sustainable ...
7397.
Boubyan Island is comprised of pristine marine and terrestrial ecosystems and habitats of international and regional importance. It is the largest island in Kuwait with an area of 863 square kilometers, and is the second largest island in the Arabian Gulf. Boubyan is located in the most north-western point of the Gulf and includes the Mubarak Al-Khabeer Marine Reserve ...
7398.
Situé dans le tissu ancien de la ville de Gao, quartier Aldjanabandja, le site de la Mosquée de Kankou Moussa couvre aujourd’hui 35 100 m² (3ha 51a). Ce site a abrité la mosquée historique construite par l’Empereur du Manden, Kankou Moussa, à son retour du pèlerinage à la Mecque en 1324. Gao, alors une dépendance de l’Empire du Mali, était l’un des points de rencontre des ...
7399.
The 4730 km2 Etosha Pan is a huge, pristine oval-shaped salt pan situated in northern Namibia. It is the central feature of Namibia’s Etosha National Park. It is the terminal playa of the Cuvelai drainage system in the lowest part of the Ovambo Basin at an elevation between 1,071 to 1,086 m above sea level. Smaller pans such as the connecting Fisher’s Pan in the east and ...
7400.
Latvia,Urban Pressure.
Additional Details:
Construction of a skyscraper,The Latvian authorities have provided a report with update information on the implementation of the law adopted in 2003 and the construction project "Saules akmens" as requested by the Committee at its 27th session, including the:
(a) Draft preservation and development plan: To date the draft ...
7401.
Yemen,
Modern constructions and uncontrolled expansion of commercial activities (issue resolved)
Lack of a Safeguarding Plan (issue resolved)
Fly-over bridge project (issue resolved)
Uncontrolled vertical and horizontal additions
Use of inappropriate building materials and techniques
Densification of the historic fabric through occupation of green areas
Functional decay of ...
7402.
United Republic of Tanzania,
Increased human population;
Poaching;
Spread of invasive species;
Tourism pressure;
Grazing pressure;
Governance of the property;
Challenging situation of community livelihoods
,On 31 January 2014, the State Party submitted a state of conservation report. An executive summary of this report is available at ...
7403.
Democratic Republic of the Congo,
Armed conflict, lack of security and political instability;
Attribution of a petroleum exploration permit inside the property;
Poaching by the army and armed groups;
Encroachment;
Extension of illegal fishing areas;
Deforestation and cattle grazing.
,A joint World Heritage Centre/IUCN reactive monitoring mission visited the property from 5 ...
7404.
Chile,
Insufficient delimitation of boundaries
Construction of a shopping mall in the vicinity of the Castro Church
Insufficient legal definition of buffer zones and visually sensitive areas of each component
,On 19 February 2016, the State Party submitted a progress report on the state of conservation of the property. ICOMOS conducted an extensive Technical Review of ...
7405.
Croatia,
Armed conflict (issue resolved)
Poaching of bears (issue resolved)
Dynamite fishing (issue resolved)
Destruction of the forests and park facilities (issue resolved)
Impacts of tourism/visitors/recreation (possible over-visitation of the site)
Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure (significant expansion of tourism facilities within the ...
7406.
Albania,Austria,Belgium,Bosnia and Herzegovina,Bulgaria,Croatia,Czechia,France,Germany,Italy,North Macedonia,Poland,Romania,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Switzerland,Ukraine,
Management systems/ management plan (lack of integrated Management Plan, lack of legal protection from logging, and inadequate management of logging in the Slovak part of the property)
Inappropriate ...
7407.
Uganda,
Destruction by fire of the Muzibu-Azaala-Mpanga
Ground transport infrastructure: Proposed widening of the Masiro Road
Management systems/management plan: lack of a Master Plan and a complete Management Plan with detailed disaster risk management plan and a tourism management plan
Management activities: Management structure
,On 28 February 2018, the State Party ...
7408.
Democratic Republic of the Congo,
Armed conflict, lack of security and political instability
Poaching by the army and armed groups
Conflicts with local communities concerning Park boundaries
Impact of villages located within the property
Threat of oil exploitation
,On 15 March 2019, the State Party submitted a state of conservation report on the property, available at ...
7409.
Kenya,
Impacts of the Gibe III dam
Other planned hydro-electric developments and associated large-scale irrigation projects in the Omo region
Oil exploration
Wildlife populations and pressure from poaching and livestock grazing
Impacts of the larger development vision for Northern Kenya
Management capacity of the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) and National Museums of Kenya ...
7410.
Poland,
Lack of Management Plan
Slow process of consultation with local communities
Ground transport infrastructure
,On 24 January 2020, the State Party submitted a report on the state of conservation, available at https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/31/documents addressing the implementation of the recommendations of the Committee at its 42nd session, as follows:
A Heritage ...
7411.
Uganda,
Mining (Kilembe mine)
Staffing and budgetary deficiencies (issue resolved)
Degradation of buffer zone (issue resolved)
Climate change
Management systems/ management plan
Impacts of tourism (cable car)
Fires
,On 2 October 2019, the State Party submitted the state of conservation report. A joint World Heritage Centre/IUCN Reactive Monitoring mission subsequently ...
7412.
Indonesia,
Mining
Human resources (Security limitations)
Ground transport infrastructure (Development threats)
Fishing/collecting aquatic resources (Exploitation of marine resources)
Management systems/management plans (Absence of a co-ordinating agency, Absence of a finalized strategic management plan, Park boundaries not physically demarcated)
Financial resources ...
7413.
Yemen,
Deliberate destruction of heritage
Land conversion
Financial resources
Human resources
Management system / management plan
Serious degradation of the city’s heritage (many houses and the ancient souq are in an alarming state of deterioration)
Large percentage of the city's houses replaced by inappropriate concrete buildings
Large sections of the city’s open spaces ...
7414.
The natural object of nomination is located on the northern macrohillside of the ridge Trans-Ili Ala-Tau, which is the part of Northern Tyan Shan physical geographic province (Gvozdetskiy, Nikolaev, 1971).
Relief. The ridge of Trans-Ili Ala-Tau is complex and by its topology relates to the northern spur of Tyan Shan. The territory is peculiar of vertical zonality or ...
7415.
Russian Federation,a) Changes to the boundaries of Yugyd Va National Park;
b) Proposed gold mining.,On 29 February 2012 the State Party submitted a report on the state of conservation of the property. The World Heritage Centre and IUCN recall that the Committee, at its 35th session (UNESCO, 2011), urged the State Party to immediately implement the recommendations of the ...
7416.
Democratic Republic of the Congo,a) Armed conflict, lack of security and political instability;
b) Poaching by the army and armed groups;
c) Conflicts with local communities concerning Park boundaries;
d) Impact of villages located within the property. ,On 24 March 2011, the State Party submitted a concise report on the state of conservation of the property, providing ...
7417.
Philippines,a) Over-exploitation of marine resources;
b) Illegal and destructive fishing;
c) Oil exploration,This state of conservation report was requested by the World Heritage Committee at its 31st session (Christchurch, 2007) in relation to the above threats. The concerns of the World Heritage Committee related in particular to the management and protection of the ...
7418.
Democratic Republic of the Congo,a) Armed conflict, insecurity and political instability;
b) Poaching by armed military groups;
c) Encroachment, in particular in the corridor between the highlands and lowlands;
d) Illegal mining and deforestation.,Application of the Reinforced monitoring mechanism at the property since 2007 (31 COM 7A.32).
On 1 February 2008, a concise ...
7419.
Spain,
Toxic pollution after mining accident in 1998;
Agriculture impacts;
Potential threats from accidental oil spills;
Potential impacts from infrastructural projects;
Water issues and water quality;
State of the Guadalquivir River and dredging project
,On 8 February 2013, a detailed report on the state of conservation of Doñana National Park was submitted by the ...
7420.
Mauritania,
Illegal fishing;
Mechanical shellfish harvesting;
Oil exploitation;
Tourism and increased accessibility due to the new Nouadhibou-Nouakchott road;
Lack of management capacity and resources.
,On 28 February 2013, the World Heritage Centre wrote a letter to the State Party to request more information about a number of ongoing developments that were brought ...
7421.
Uzbekistan,
Management systems/management plan (Lack of a comprehensive conservation and management plan)
Management activities
Housing; Commercial development (Major interventions carried out, including demolition and re-building activities)
Legal framework (Need to reinforce the national legal framework)
Human resources (inadequate)
Financial resources (inadequate)
,On ...
7422.
Kazakhstan,
Management System/Management Plan (Newly developed Master Plan; Conservation and Management Plan)
Buildings and Development (Urban high rise/changes to skyline; Construction of a new mosque)
Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure
Interpretative and visitation facilities
Housing
,On 31 January 2020, the State Party submitted a state of ...
7423.
Ethiopia,
Road construction through the property
Power transmission line affecting exceptional natural beauty and conditions of integrity
Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community
Agricultural encroachment at the borders of the property and crop cultivation in the property
Growing resource-dependent, economically poor population around the ...
7424.
Montenegro,
Water infrastructure (Proposed dam development on the Tara River)
Illegal logging and hunting (issue resolved)
Tourism infrastructure (Ski development in the Zabljak area)
Boundary issues
,On 28 December 2022, the State Party submitted a report on the state of conservation of the property, available at https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/100/documents, providing the ...
7425.
Lao People's Democratic Republic,
Lack of enforcement of the Luang Prabang Conservation Plan (PSMV), illegal constructions and long-term conservation and management of wooden structures
Public works (proposed new town, airport extension, pedestrian bridge, Nam Khan riverbank protection project and Nam Khan bridge replacement)
Luang Prabang Hydropower Project (LPHPP) which ...
7426.
WHC-13/19.GA/8
7427.
37 C/REP/13
7428.
WHC-12/36.COM/10A
7429.
7430.
Ecuador,
heavy poaching of wildlife,
illegal livestock grazing,
encroachment along the Park's perimeter,
unplanned road construction.
,The site was inscribed in 1983 and added to the List of World Heritage in Danger in 1992 due to threats from poachers, boundary encroachment and unplanned road construction. A technical assistance project from the World Heritage Fund is ...
7431.
Serbia,
Lack of legal status of the property
Lack of legislative protection of buffer zones
Lack of implementation of the Management Plan and of active management
Difficulties to monitor the property due to political instability, post-conflict situation (visits under the Kosovo Stabilisation Force / United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (KFOR / UNMIK) ...
7432.
Indonesia,a) Road construction
b) Agricultural encroachment
c) Illegal logging
d) Poaching
e) Institutional and governance weaknesses,On 1 February 2011, the State Party submitted a report on the state of conservation of the property, providing information on progress in the implementation of recommendations adopted by the World Heritage Committee at its 34th session ...
7433.
Peru,a) Delays in reviewing the Master Plan and developing detailed yearly operational plans, and inadequate budgetary support for effective implementation;
b) No evaluation of transport options, related geological studies, or the impact of bus traffic on increasing the risk of landslides;
c) Lack of impact studies related to the carrying capacity of the Citadel and Inca ...
7434.
Syrian Arab Republic,Before the conflict:
Poor state of conservation
Inappropriate restoration techniques
Lack of a buffer zone
Lack of a management plan
Development projects threatening the significant historic fabric
Since March 2011:
Damage due to the armed conflict
,On 5 February 2016, the State Party submitted a state of conservation report for the six Syrian World ...
7435.
7436.
7437.
La grande Mosquée du vendredi de Niono est l'œuvre d'une équipe de maçons originaires de Djenné. Construit en 1948, l'ouvrage a été agrandi entre 1955 et 1956 avec l'ajout de 6 (six) travées transversales du côté sud. Il connaît une autre ultime extension du côté ouest en 1959. Le bâtiment occupe actuellement une superficie totale de 1.800 m². Elle comprend les éléments ...
7438.
Property encompasses valley located within the Pieniny National Park in the south of Poland. During the selection of representative sites defined location represents a unique and extremely interesting geological and geomorphological features and which is characterized by poor anthropogenic influence with preservation of specific natural ecosystems.Evaluation of high level ...
7439.
At the request of the Ethiopian and Italian governments, UNESCO will send an evaluation team to Aksum, in northern Ethiopia, to prepare the return of its celebrated obelisk. The obelisk has been in Rome since 1937.
UNESCO will draw up the re-installation project for the obelisk and the development of the site, which will be funded by Italy. The obelisk has been cut into ...
7440.
Kyoto, (Japan) - UNESCO's World Heritage Committee today announced it removed the Old City of Dubrovnik (Croatia) and the Wieliczka Salt Mines (Poland) from its List of World Heritage in Danger due to the success of measures undertaken for their restoration and preservation. Dubrovnik, the Dalmatian Coast city dubbed "the pearl of the Adriatic" and dotted with beautiful ...
7441.
From January 30 to February 1st, 2006, a meeting was held in Paris to consider actions in support of the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity's Programme of work on Protected Areas (CBD PoWPA) in natural World Heritage sites. To this end, the World Heritage Centre invited the Convention on Biological Diversity secretariat, representatives of six of the ...
7442.
A UNESCO mission has confirmed serious threats to the Galápagos National Park and Marine Reserve and welcomed ambitious measures announced by the Ecuadorian authorities to preserve the site on UNESCO's World Heritage List.The mission confirmed the threat to the outstanding value and physical integrity of this iconic World Heritage site mainly from: the growing ...
7443.
Bangladesh was struck by a powerful cyclone on November 15 which left more than 3,000 people dead and millions without shelter. While a major international relief effort is currently underway to respond Cyclone Sidr's devastating impact on life and property, UNESCO's World Heritage Centre also sent a team to the Sundarbans World Heritage site, which was badly hit ...
7444.
Experts from UNESCO's World Heritage Centre and from the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) undertook a reactive monitoring mission to examine development projects affecting the Old and New Towns of Edinburgh (United Kingdom), inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List in 1995.
Undertaken at the request of the World Heritage Committee during its most ...
7445.
On 23 April 2009, the Director-General of UNESCO, Mr Koïchiro Matsuura inaugurated an exhibition at UNESCO Headquarters celebrating the successful reinstallation of the Aksum Obelisk in Ethiopia. Entitled 'Aksum Rediscovered: The Reinstallation of the Aksum Obelisk', the exhibition features films and photographs documenting key moments of the re-installation built ...
7446.
The International Workshop and Expert Meeting "Starlight Reserves and World Heritage - scientific cultural and environmental values", was held in Fuerteventura, Spain from 10-11 March 2009, and attended by 32 participants and experts from 10 countries. Participants were representatives of private organizations, enterprises, the tourism industry, NGOs, scientific ...
7447.
On 21 and 22 May 2009, the Director-General of UNESCO, Mr Koïchiro Matsuura, visited four World Heritage Sites in northern Portugal. He was accompanied throughout his trip by the President of the Portuguese National Commission to UNESCO, Ambassador Fernando Andresen Guimarães.
The Director-General's first visit was to the Prehistoric Rock-Art Sites in the ...
7448.
At a year-end strategy discussion, Shell, Earthwatch and the UNESCO World Heritage Centre evaluated the results of the first year of work under their five-year programme of collaboration to enhance the business skills of managers of World Heritage sites. During the first year, nine World Heritage site managers from three sites in South East Asia had ...
7449.
The World Heritage Centre has recently published a new booklet entitled "World Heritage in the Congo Basin".
This publication is intended for both biodiversity specialists and the general public. It provides detailed information on two important initiatives undertaken by the World Heritage Centre for the preservation of natural heritage in Central Africa. The first ...
7450.
The World Heritage Committee holding its 34th session in Brasilia under the chairmanship of João Luiz da Silva Ferreira, today inscribed two new sites on the World Heritage List.
The new sites include 1 natural property and 1 mixed (natural and cultural) property.
The natural site is:
The Central Highlands of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka's highlands are situated in the ...
7451.
In celebration of the World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development
On the 19th and 20th May 2011, the World Heritage Centre of UNESCO and the Community of Cergy-Pontoise will organise an international conference bringing together renowned architects and artists such as Otto Piene, Daniel Buren, Dani Karavan, Rem Koolhaas, Peter Eisenman as well as key ...
7452.
Eighteen hours after the March 11 tsunami wreaked devastation in Japan, it hit the Galápagos Islands. Luckily, by then the energy of the waves had dissipated somewhat, and the people there had received advanced warning and took to higher ground. The waves hit later in the afternoon, local time, and caused significant damage only to some buildings ...
7453.
Takuya Okada, Chairman of the AEON Environmental Foundation and Honorary Chairman of AEON Co., Ltd., announced today the opening of nominations for the MIDORI Prize for Biodiversity.
The MIDORI Prize is a biennial international prize, established by the AEON Environmental Foundation, in 2010, during the International Year of Biodiversity, that honours individuals who have ...
7454.
UNESCO Director-General Irina Bokova made a visit to Mali on Saturday 2 February with French President François Hollande and the interim President of Mali Dioncounda Traoré.
The main aim of the visit was to launch the process of reconstruction and safeguarding of the cultural heritage of northern Mali, including the mausoleums of Timbuktu and the city’s ...
7455.
An Action Plan for the Rehabilitation of Cultural Heritage and the Safeguarding of Ancient Manuscripts in Mali was adopted at an international experts’ meeting organized by UNESCO and France at the Organization’s Headquarters on Monday.
The Action Plan for Mali has three priorities: rehabilitate cultural heritage damaged during the conflict with the ...
7456.
UNESCO has welcomed confirmation from French-based oil and gas corporation Total that it will refrain from prospecting or exploiting oil and gas in natural sites inscribed on the World Heritage List, saying this was an encouraging sign for World Heritage conservation.
In a letter sent earlier this month to UNESCO, Total’s Directeur delegue, Relations avec les ONG et la ...
7457.
The UNESCO/Korea Funds-in-Trust project, “Support for the Preparation of the World Heritage Serial Nomination for the Silk Roads in South Asia,” was officially approved last July 2013 and has now launched operational activities, in the form of consultation and training meetings, both in Nepal and Bhutan in October and November 2013, respectively.
This ...
7458.
The World Heritage Centre and the History and Memory for Dialogue Section of UNESCO have learned with deep sadness of the recent passing of Professor Chahryar Adle, a long-time collaborator of UNESCO. Chahryar Adle (1943-2015) was an archaeologist and Iranologist, and a member of the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS). He was also President of the ...
7459.
A three-day meeting in Berlin brought together experts from around the world to discuss the current practices for mural painting conservation and led to the adoption of new Guidelines.
Within the framework of the UNESCO/Republic of Korea Funds-in-Trust Project for the Preservation of the Koguryo Tombs and Mural Paintings in the DPRK, the UNESCO Expert Workshop: ...
7460.
Thanks to the generous financing of a Japan Funds-in-Trust project to UNESCO for ‘Technical and financial assistance for the reconstruction of Muzibu-Azaala-Mpanga, architectural masterpiece of the Tombs of Buganda Kings at Kasubi, Uganda, World Heritage property in Danger,’ an illustrated tour guidebook entitled ‘KASUBI: Tombs of Buganda Kings at Kasubi Tour Guiding ...
7461.
//
It is increasingly recognized that culture has an essential role to play as a driver of sustainable development, contributing to the eradication of poverty and enhancing social inclusion. Culture helps to define people’s identities and determines the way they shape their future. Gender equality, which is a UNESCO priority, refers to the roles and responsibilities of ...
7462.
2015 saw countries across the world agree on the new 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Paris Climate Change Agreement.
For UNESCO, these are a single agenda for advancing human rights and dignity, for eradicating poverty, for protecting the planet.
Promoting gender equality stands at the heart of this agenda, as a basic human right and a transformational ...
7463.
On 18 February 2016, the participants in the first Thematic Expert Consultation meeting on sustainable management of World Heritage properties of Religious Interest focused on South-Eastern and Mediterranean Europe successfully adopted the Conclusions and Recommendations of the meeting.
From 16 to 18 February 2016, thanks to the support of Bulgaria, a cycle of Regional ...
7464.
UNESCO today welcomed the opening of the hearings of the case of Ahmad Al Faqi Al Mahdi before the International Criminal Court (ICC) in The Hague for alleged war crimes and the destruction of historical monuments and buildings of religious significance, including nine mausoleums and a mosque at the UNESCO World Heritage site of Timbuktu (Mali) in 2012.
This first trial at ...
7465.
The UNESCO office in Iraq has led a rapid assessment mission to the Nimrud archaeological site, located in Nineveh Governorate, Iraq, on 14 December 2016. The objective of the mission was to assess the overall state of conservation of the site, in particular the extent of damage resulting from the deliberate destruction by ISIL/Daesh over the past 2 years. In addition, the ...
7466.
World Wetlands Day is celebrated every year on 2 February, marking the date in 1971 when the Convention on Wetlands, known as the Ramsar Convention, was adopted in the Iranian city of Ramsar, drawing attention to the importance of wetlands.
The theme for 2017 “Wetlands for Disaster Risk Reduction” is selected to raise awareness and to highlight the vital role of healthy ...
7467.
This year’s theme for International Women’s Day highlights women in the changing world of work, and sets our collective sights on the objective of making gender equality a reality by 2030.
Gender equality is an important priority for UNESCO’s work on heritage, creativity and cultural diversity. The equal participation, access and contribution to cultural life of women and ...
7468.
In the framework of the implementation of Decision 40 COM 7A.1 adopted by the World Heritage Committee at its 40th session (Istanbul, 2016), a Technical Advisory Mission was conducted by UNESCO World Heritage Centre and ICOMOS International, in support of the Plurinational State of Bolivia, from the 8 to the 11 May 2017.
The World Heritage Committee inscribed the City of ...
7469.
Biodiversity and Sustainable Tourism
For more than 70 years, UNESCO has been working to foster scientific knowledge and cooperation on biodiversity and ecosystems, such as tropical forests, oceans, mountains. In recent years, the effect of human activities -- magnified by population growth and global climate change -- has reduced deeply biodiversity in ecosystems around ...
7470.
In a recent publication on the SDG, the International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association (IPIECA) recognizes that many World Heritage sites are impacted by industrial activities and operations, including oil and gas exploration and extraction. The report on Mapping the oil and gas industry to the Sustainable Development Goals: an Atlas was ...
7471.
On the occasion of UNESCO’s General Conference, an international high-level panel on 6 November 2017, brought together Ministers from Iraq and Mali, the Chief Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and international experts to strengthen cooperation in response to cultural cleansing and violent extremism.
Opening the panel, UNESCO Director-General, Irina ...
7472.
The World Heritage Centre has taken due note of concerns expressed by numerous citizens and NGOs regarding the recent agreement signed between Seychelles and India to establish a naval base on Assumption Island, located some 27 km from Aldabra Atoll World Heritage property (Seychelles). UNESCO appreciates the commitment of these stakeholders to the safeguarding of this ...
7473.
This year, International Youth Day focuses on the theme: "Safe spaces for youth".
Youth is a decisive phase in personal development. It is the age when people venture into the unknown, seeking new horizons; it is a time of encounters, often memorable ones; it is a time of first commitments. However, youth is also a vulnerable age, when negative experiences can quickly lead ...
7474.
Tourism is increasingly a major source of growth, employment and income for many of the world’s countries, particularly in emerging economies. However, when mismanaged, overwhelming numbers of visitors can damage ancient monuments and put intangible heritage at risk.
World Tourism Day is an opportunity to reflect on the importance of protecting World Heritage and ensuring ...
7475.
Addis Ababa, 5 November 2018: The Director of UNESCO Liaison Office to AU and UN ECA, and Representative to Ethiopia, Ms Ana Elisa Santana Afonso met with a delegation of the Orthodox Tewahido Church of Lalibela, led by His Holiness Aba Tsige Selassie, Head Administrator of the Rock-Hewn Churches of Lalibela. Begun in the 12th century, this complex of 11 churches was among ...
7476.
The theme of this year’s World Wildlife Day aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 14: life below water. It is also the first World Wildlife Day highlighting marine biodiversity.
World Heritage marine sites are home to the world’s most exceptional species on earth such as the Bengal tiger, marine iguanas, and the Coelacanth, the world’s oldest fish.Despite this rich ...
7477.
On 4 July 2019, a special event devoted to the theme "Qhapaq Nan, Sharing experiences and good practices" brought together representatives of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru with the aim of sharing their collaborative achievements in management and conservation of this serial and transboundary World Heritage site.
Participants presented concrete and ...
7478.
Some 40 female members of the armed forces of Lebanon, Iraq and Jordan, as well as female peacekeepers from the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) came together in Beirut, Lebanon to discuss the protection of cultural property in the event of armed conflict. The workshop, which took place on 1-3 October 2019, was the first UNESCO-organized event specifically ...
7479.
The seminar "Climate Change, World Heritage and Tourism" was presented at UNESCO Headquarters on 16 December 2019 by Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne University in collaboration with UNESCO World Heritage Centre, ICOMOS France and the Association des biens francais du patrimoine mondial.
On a global scale, tourism is a factor contributing to climate change, especially when ...
7480.
Today is World Radio Day, proclaimed in 2011 by Member States of UNESCO, and adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 2012 as an International Day to highlight the importance of radio.
Radio is a powerful medium for celebrating humanity in all its diversity. At the global level, radio remains the most widely consumed medium. This unique ability to reach out to the ...
7481.
On 22 January 2021, the Sultanate of Oman signed an agreement with UNESCO in the amount of Euros 583,566 to provide support for capacity-building of nomination projects and promotion of World Heritage sites in five Eastern African countries: Comoros, Kenya, Madagascar, Somalia and United Republic of Tanzania. The three-year capacity-building programme will support the ...
7482.
In the context of the 10th anniversary of the 2011 UNESCO Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL Recommendation) and as part of the activities organised for the Metropolitan Plan for Prague, the City of Prague that includes the World Heritage property of the Historic Centre of Prague, hosted on March 24 the conference Integrating Urban Heritage in Urban ...
7483.
On 8 and 10 February 2022, attacks involving improvised explosive devices resulted in the death of four rangers, two drivers, one instructor and one soldier, with 12 other individuals hospitalised with critical injuries in the W National Park in Benin, one of the components of the W-Arly-Pendjari Complex (Benin, Burkina Faso and Niger) inscribed on the World Heritage ...
7484.
UNESCO and the Development Fund of Protected Areas (DFPA) of Georgia have signed an agreement to support sustainable tourism and heritage conservation activities in Colchic Rainforests and Wetlands (Georgia) World Heritage site.
The partnership between UNESCO and DFPA, worth around US$ 150 000, will support Georgia’s sustainable tourism recovery through enhancing visitor ...
7485.
The 15th episode of the Patrimonito cartoon series on the theme of World Heritage and Climate Change is now available.
This episode of the Patrimonito cartoon series is based on the winning storyboard of the Partimonito Storyboard Competition in 2022. It was selected by a jury among 710 submissions from 47 State Parties from around the world.
In this adventure, Patrimonito ...
7486.
Malta,Absence of a management plan, need for visitor centres, protective shelters, and walkways, illegal constructions,A draft management plan prepared by Heritage Malta (The National Agency for Museums, Conservation Practice and Cultural Heritage) was received by the World Heritage Centre on 1 February 2008, and was reviewed by ICOMOS.
This Plan has been prepared in full ...
7487.
Uzbekistan,Lack of a comprehensive conservation and management plan.,World Heritage Centre staff members visited Shakhrisyabz from 21-23 October 2006. As a result of this visit, the Board of Monuments of Shakhrisyabz has agreed to develop a site management plan based on the property’s Outstanding Universal Value, reflected in three main attributes:
a) The major ...
7488.
Russian Federation,Erection of a monument in honour of Marshal G. Zhukov,The World Heritage Centre was informed by NGOs and press articles of the demolition/reconstruction of a historic complex called the "Middle Trading Rows”. On 7 March 2007, the UNESCO Office in Moscow provided further information that this complex is a five-building ensemble built from 1891 to ...