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1.
"Management systems are described and defined in paragraphs 108-118 of the Operational Guidelines.
Specifically, paragraph 108 states that “Each nominated property should have an appropriate management plan or other documented management system which must specify how the Outstanding Universal Value of a property should be preserved, preferably through participatory ...
3.
According to the manual 'Managing Disaster Risks for World Heritage' ''There are three main stages of Disaster Risk Management: before, during and after disasters. The preparedness activities to be undertaken before a disaster include risk assessment, prevention and mitigation measures for specific hazards (maintenance and monitoring, and formulating and implementing ...
4.
The aims of Strategy for Reducing Risks from disasters at World Heritage properties (2007) are to strengthen the protection of World Heritage and contribute to sustainable development by assisting States Parties to the Convention to integrate heritage concerns into national disaster reduction policies and to incorporate concern for disaster reduction within management ...
5.
The World Heritage Resource Manual 'Managing Cultural World Heritage' states 'The World Heritage system requires States Parties to engage in the management of cultural properties in two different and significant stages which form a continuum. 1) A State Party must first demonstrate, as part of the inscription process, how it will manage the Outstanding Universal Value of ...
6.
A key benefit of ratification, particularly for developing countries, is access to the World Heritage Fund and International Assistance. This is made available to assist States Parties in identifying, preserving and promoting World Heritage sites. Emergency assistance may also be made available for urgent action to repair damage caused by human-made or natural disasters. ...
7.
States Parties are countries which have adhered to the World Heritage Convention. They thereby agree to identify and nominate properties on their national territory to be considered for inscription on the World Heritage List. When a State Party nominates a property, it gives details of how a property is protected and provides a management plan for its upkeep. States ...
8.
The definition of capacity-building identifies three broad areas where capacities reside – practitioners, institutions, and communities and networks – and this is the basis for identifying audiences to target for capacity-building initiatives. This is an approach which brings World Heritage in line with other sectors, for example, the UNDP and the health and food aid ...
9.
According to Paragraph 23 of the 'Policy Document for the Integration of a Sustainable Development Perspective into the Processes of the World Heritage Convention' (World Heritage Sustainable Development Policy), "Gender equality is one of UNESCO’s two global priorities. The UNESCO Priority Gender Equality Action Plan (2014-2021), moreover, requires Member States and the ...
10.
[The HUL] approach to managing historic urban landscapes is holistic; it integrates the goals of urban heritage conservation and those of social and economic development. This method sees urban heritage as a social, cultural and economic asset for the development of cities. The recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape was adopted on 10 November 2011 by UNESCO’s ...
11.
The six topics of the Monitoring Indicator Framework are in accordance with the six core thematic areas of the Periodic Reports:
“I. State of Conservation of World Heritage properties: Indicators to assess temporal patterns in the status and trends of the OUV and factors affecting the property; integrity and authenticity of the site.
II. Management: Indicators to measure ...
12.
Gender equality is one of UNESCO’s two global priorities. The UNESCO Priority Gender Equality Action Plan (2014-2021), moreover, requires Member States and the governing bodies of UNESCO regulatory instruments “to establish gender-sensitive, gender-responsive and gender-transformative policies and practices in the field of heritage”.
Therefore, States Parties ...
13.
According to the World Heritage Sustainable Development Policy, the World Heritage Convention promotes environmental sustainability:
“by valuing and conserving places of outstanding natural heritage value, containing exceptional biodiversity, geodiversity or other exceptional natural features, which are essential for human well-being.” (Article 13).
The policy also applies ...
14.
Buffer zones are described in The World Heritage Resource Manual Preparing World Heritage Nominations (2nd edition, UNESCO 2011) as follows: ”Every World Heritage property needs protection and management arrangements for activities outside the property, including their immediate setting. Buffer zones are one commonly used means to achieve this protection, conservation and ...
15.
The World Heritage Capacity Building Strategy was requested by the World Heritage Committee at its 34th session (Decision 34 COM 9C) and presented at the 35th Session in 2011.
According to its Mission Statement, “The purpose of this strategy is to provide a framework which favours the development of effective actions and programmes to strengthen or develop capacities of ...
16.
Interpretation refers to the full range of potential activities intended to heighten public awareness and enhance understanding of cultural heritage site. These can include print and electronic publications, public lectures, on-site and directly related off-site installations, educational programmes, community activities, and ongoing research, training, and evaluation of ...
17.
The full cycle of activities from nomination to management and decision-making conducted with regard to the World Heritage properties stipulated under the World Heritage Convention.
Heritage processes include national and international protection processes for the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission to future generations of the cultural ...
18.
To be included on the World Heritage List, sites must be of Outstanding Universal Value and meet at least one of ten criteria, as well as the relevant conditions of integrity and authenticity and requirements for protection and management. The World Heritage criteria are explained in the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention which, ...
19.
Not yet drafted
20.
Disaster risk management is the application of disaster risk reduction policies and strategies to prevent new disaster risk, reduce existing disaster risk and manage residual risk, contributing to the strengthening of resilience and reduction of disaster losses.
Annotation: Disaster risk management actions can be distinguished between prospective disaster risk management, ...
21.
In 2010 Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) adopted the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020, a ten-year framework for action by all countries and stakeholders to safeguard biodiversity and the benefits it provides to people. As part of the Strategic Plan, 20 ambitious but realistic targets, known as the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, were adopted. ...
22.
Instruments for implementing a convention at the national level; includes action plans such as NBSAPs (for CBD), NAP and NAMA (for UNFCCC and UNCCD), national conservation strategies (for RAMSAR), and national implementation plans (Stockholm).
Source(s): United Nations Information Portal on Multilateral Environmental Agreements
23.
Protection and management of World Heritage properties, as outlined in the Operational Guidelines should ensure that the OUV, the conditions of integrity and/or authenticity at the time of inscription are maintained or enhanced in the future (Paragraph 96).
Source(s): Managing Natural World Heritage
24.
The professionals with direct responsibilities for heritage conservation and management of World Heritage properties.
25.
The concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyse and manage the causal factors of disasters, including through reduced exposure to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and the environment, and improved preparedness for adverse events (UNISDR, 2009).
Source(s): Managing Disaster Risks for ...
26.
Buffer zones are clearly delineated area(s) outside a World Heritage property and adjacent to its boundaries which contribute to the protection, conservation, management, integrity, authenticity and sustainability of the Outstanding Universal Value of the property. Although buffer zones are not regarded as part of the inscribed property, their boundaries and relevant ...
27.
For the purpose of management, States Parties prepare a Statement of Outstanding Universal Value which the World Heritage Committee adopts at the time of inscription.
According to the Operational Guidelines, ‘the Statement of Outstanding Universal Value shall be the basis for the future protection and management of the property’.
Statements of OUV aim to provide a clear, ...
28.
A faire
29.
Needs, in the context of capacity building for the effective management of World Heritage properties, to:
strengthen the knowledge, abilities, skills and behaviour of people with direct responsibilities for heritage conservation and management,
improve institutional structures and processes through empowering decision-makers and policy-makers, and
introduce a more ...
30.
A faire
31.
A faire
32.
The World Heritage Centre UNESCO World Heritage Centre is responsible for the day-to-day management of the World Heritage Convention. The Centre, which is based in Paris, is staffed by conservation experts from around the world who coordinate within UNESCO activities relating to World Heritage including management of the Convention, organization of the annual World ...
33.
World Heritage Resource Manuals are tools available to help States Parties in their implementation of the World Heritage Convention.
Consult the Resource Manuals
UNESCO, ICCROM, ICOMOS and IUCN. 2010. Managing Disaster Risks for World Heritage. Paris, UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
UNESCO, ICCROM, ICOMOS and IUCN. 2011. Preparing World Heritage Nominations.(Second edition). ...
34.
Attributes, more commonly called features in the case of natural properties, are those elements, processes or features that convey and make manifest the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of a property. Identification and understanding of their interrelationships are crucial to understanding OUV and therefore to ensuring appropriate protection and management mechanisms. ...
35.
An Internationally Designated Area (IDA) is an area accorded international protection status through their recognition and designation under a recognised global or regional designation mechanism.
Source(s): Managing MIDAs Harmonising the management of Multi-Internationally Designated Areas: Ramsar Sites, World Heritage sites, Biosphere Reserves and UNESCO Global Geoparks. ...
36.
The World Heritage Resource Manual Preparing World Heritage Nominations (2nd edition, UNESCO 2011), draws up some principles concerning boundaries for World Heritage properties:
”the property boundaries must encompass the attributes necessary to meet the condition of integrity, that is a complete and intact set of attributes that convey potential Outstanding Universal ...
37.
With regards to conflict prevention, the Policy Document for the Integration of a Sustainable Development Perspective into the Processes of the World Heritage Convention states that:
"States Parties have a critically important role to play in ensuring that the implementation of the World Heritage Convention, including the establishment of the World Heritage List and ...
38.
Taking action in the timeframe before a disaster to lessen post-event damage to lives and property. In risk management, many hazards such as earthquakes cannot be reduced, but the risk from that hazard can be reduced, or mitigated, for example by constructing earthquake-resistant buildings, or shelves that prevent objects from sliding off. The former is structural ...
39.
According to Article 5(d) of the World Heritage Convention, the States Parties are required to:”[…] take the appropriate legal, scientific, technical, administrative and financial measures necessary for the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and rehabilitation of this heritage ...”. The World Heritage Operational Guidelines (paragraph 97) further states ...
40.
Not yet drafted/ Peter Debrine
41.
Disaster is defined as a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society causing widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources (UNISDR, 2002).
In the Managing Disaster Risks for World Heritage manual, the definition of a disaster is extended to ...
42.
The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre manages the database of World Heritage properties with natural values.
43.
Refers to those who are actively engaged in activities relating to heritage, for example academics, site managers etc.
44.
World Heritage Centre is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Convention and for the administration of the World Heritage Fund.
45.
According to the World Heritage and Capacity Building Strategy, “For the purposes of this strategy, capacity building in the World Heritage framework can be defined as follows. If capacity is “the ability of individuals, organizations and societies to perform functions, solve problems, and set and achieve objectives in a sustainable manner” , then capacity building for the ...
46.
“The organizational set-up that sets out the operational structure and working methods that allow actions to be taken”.
Source(s): Managing Cultural World Heritage
47.
“The human, financial and intellectual inputs that create operational capacity and facilitate processes”.
Source(s): World Heritage Resource Manual, Managing Cultural World Heritage
48.
A nomination dossier is ..
In addition to the role of the nomination dossier as documenting the case for World Heritage inscription, the nomination can also contribute to the ongoing management of the nominated property. (Preparing World Heritage Nominations)
49.
Governance may take place at different levels (local, regional/provincial/state and national federal) and should be understood in a wide context to include legislation/institutional arrangements/democratic processes/citizens etc.
According to the World Heritage Resource Manual ‘Managing Cultural Heritage’ (UNESCO 2013), good governance refers to “the relationship between ...
50.
The concept of Integrity is described in the Operational Guidelines paragraphs 87-95. Integrity applies to both natural and cultural properties, and is defined as a measure of the completeness or intactness of the attributes that convey Outstanding Universal Value.
According to the World Heritage Resource Manual ‘Managing Cultural Heritage’ (UNESCO 2013), the key words to ...
51.
Prevention: Measures taken to reduce the likelihood of losses. Ideally, these measures would seek to reduce losses to zero, but this often is not possible. Key question: How much prevention do you need to undertake.
Source(s): Managing Disaster Risks for World Heritage
52.
‘Project costs’ refer to short to medium-term funding for specific and defined projects (including major projects), which are not considered part of day-to-day running costs. Running costs include costs for day to day management, maintenance and conservation.
53.
The World Heritage Committee meets annually and consists of representatives from twenty-one of the States Parties to the Convention, who are elected by the General Assembly for terms up to six years.
The Committee is responsible for the implementation of the World Heritage Convention, defines the use of the World Heritage Fund and allocates financial assistance. It decides ...
54.
According to the Resource Manual 'Preparing World Heritage Nominations', "Attributes are aspects of a property which are associated with or express the Outstanding Universal Value. Attributes can be tangible or intangible. The Operational Guidelines indicate a range of types of attribute which might convey Outstanding Universal Value, including:
form and design;
materials ...
55.
Social inclusion is about the processes and outcomes that improve the terms on which people participate in society. People may be excluded from a range of development processes, opportunities, and benefits due to their gender, ethnicity, migrant or refugee status, religion...
Social Inclusion recognizes and addresses these disadvantaged positions with the aim of fostering ...
56.
International Assistance requests for Conservation & Management Assistance or Preparatory Assistance must be submitted by 31 October each year.Only International Assistance requests for US$5,000 or less (under any category) or for Emergency Assistance can be submitted any time during the year.
57.
Biosphere reserves are areas comprising terrestrial, marine and coastal ecosystems. Each reserve promotes solutions reconciling the conservation of biodiversity with its sustainable use.
Biosphere reserves are ‘Science for Sustainability support sites’ – special places for testing interdisciplinary approaches to understanding and managing changes and interactions between ...
58.
The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Convention) was adopted in 1971 and entered into force in 1975. It is a legally binding framework instrument embodying the commitments of its member countries to maintain the ecological character of their Wetlands of International Importance and to plan for the "wise use", or sustainable use, of all wetlands ...
59.
UNESCO Culture Sector is responsible for important conventions and universal declarations, such as the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage and the Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity which it implements in a number of areas in order to promote intercultural dialogue. The Cultural Heritage Division manages international campaigns and ...
60.
According to Paragraph 123 of the Operational Guidelines;
“Participation of local people in the nomination process is essential to enable them to have a shared responsibility with the State Party in the maintenance of the property. States Parties are encouraged to prepare nominations with the participation of a wide variety of stakeholders, including site managers, local ...
61.
Any World Heritage property that consists of two or more areas which are physically unconnected but related, for example because they belong to the same geological or geomorphologic formation, biogeographic province or ecosystem type, and which together are of OUV; such value would not necessarily exist if its component parts were considered individually (see Operational ...
62.
Refers to the properties ‘broader setting’, which paragraph 112 of the Operational Guidelines describes as:
“The broader setting, may relate to the property’s topography, natural and built environment, and other elements such as infrastructure, land use patterns, spatial organization, and visual relationships. It may also include related social and cultural practices, ...
63.
With regards to promoting conflict resolution, the Policy Document for the Integration of a Sustainable Development Perspective into the Processes of the World Heritage Convention states:
32. The inherent potential of World Heritage properties and of their conservation to contribute favourably to conflict resolution and the re-establishment of peace and security should be ...
64.
Features are the physical, biological or geological components or manifestations of a site that together contribute to its OUV.
For example, wetlands may be a feature of a larger management area. But within a wetland there may be features such as pools, wet scrub, bogs, reed marsh and so on. Colonies of a particular bird species may be a feature of a cliff; communities of ...
65.
Disaster risk is a product of hazard and vulnerability. While a hazard is a phenomenon (such as an earthquake or a cyclone) which has the potential to cause disruption or damage to cultural property, vulnerability is the susceptibility or exposure of cultural property to the hazard. Whereas a hazard is the external source of a disaster, vulnerability is the inherent ...
66.
Launched in 1971, UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) is an Intergovernmental Scientific Programme that aims to establish a scientific basis for the improvement of relationships between people and their environments.
MAB combines the natural and social sciences, economics and education to improve human livelihoods and the equitable sharing of benefits, and to ...
67.
This table is a way to present geographic information system (GIS) obtained data.
A geographic information system, or GIS, relies on computer-based technology to produce, organize and analyse spatial information in the form of maps. GIS encompasses database management, mapping, image processing and statistical analysis tools. These tools allow users to see statistical data ...
68.
According to Article 5(d) of the World Heritage Convention, the States Parties are required to:”[…] take the appropriate legal, scientific, technical, administrative and financial measures necessary for the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and rehabilitation of this heritage ”.
The World Heritage Operational Guidelines (paragraph 97) further states ...
69.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process of evaluating the likely environmental impacts of a proposed project or development, taking into account inter-related socio-economic, cultural and human-health impacts, both beneficial and adverse.
UNEP defines Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) as a tool used to identify the environmental, social and economic impacts ...
70.
Following are universities that include specialized study of World Heritage issues. You can consult the Education section of this website to learn how to contact the universities directly for more information.
Africa
Cameroon: Ecole de faune de Garoua/Garoua Wildlife School
United Republic of Tanzania: Mweka College of African Wildlife Management
Asia and the ...
71.
Attributes, more commonly called features in the case of natural properties, are those elements, processes or features that convey and make manifest the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of a property. Identification and understanding of their interrelationships are crucial to understanding OUV and therefore to ensuring appropriate protection and management mechanisms.
...
72.
Presentation is the explanation of a property and its values to the public (visitors and local people) from established, authoritative information sources; as such it is a largely one-way process of communication.
Interpretation, on the other hand, embraces a much wider concept (in fact presentation is just one element of interpretation) which refers to the full range of ...
73.
UNESCO’s work with geoparks began in 2001. In 2004, 17 European and 8 Chinese geoparks came together at UNESCO headquarters in Paris to form the Global Geoparks Network (GGN) where national geological heritage initiatives contribute to and benefit from their membership of a global network of exchange and cooperation.
On 17 November 2015, the 195 Member States of UNESCO ...
74.
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is a membership Union uniquely composed of both government and civil society organisations. It provides public, private and non-governmental organisations with the knowledge and tools that enable human progress, economic development and nature conservation to take place together. Created in 1948, IUCN has evolved ...
75.
The standard list of threats/factors affecting the Outstanding Universal Value of World Heritage properties consists of a series of 14 primary factors, encompassing each a number of secondary factors.
The 14 primary factors are:
Buildings and Development
Transportation Infrastructure
Utilities or Service Infrastructure
Pollution
Biological resource ...
76.
The Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape was adopted on 10 November 2011 by UNESCO General Conference. It outlines the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach, which moves beyond the preservation of the physical environment and focuses on the entire human environment with all of its tangible and intangible qualities. It seeks to increase the sustainability of ...
77.
The Operational Guidelines define cultural landscapes as cultural properties which represent the ‘combined works of nature and of man’ as designated in Article 1 of the Convention (Paragraph 47).
There is no single World Heritage criterion for cultural landscapes and it is conceivable that any of the cultural criteria might be used in justifying the Outstanding Universal ...
78.
Intangible cultural heritage is the practices, expressions, knowledge and skills that communities, groups and sometimes individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage. Also called ‘living cultural heritage’, it is usually expressed in one of the following forms: oral traditions; performing arts; social practices, rituals and festive events; knowledge and ...
79.
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is a membership Union uniquely composed of both government and civil society organisations. It provides public, private and non-governmental organisations with the knowledge and tools that enable human progress, economic development and nature conservation to take place together.
Created in 1948, IUCN has evolved ...
80.
The first step that a country must take towards the inscription of properties under the Convention is to make an ‘inventory’ of important natural and cultural heritage properties located within its boundaries. One output of this ‘inventory’ is a draft list of potential World Heritage properties, known as a Tentative List, which provides a forecast of the properties that a ...
81.
The International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM) is an intergovernmental organization created to promote the conservation of all forms of cultural heritage, in every region of the world. Its mission is to provide Member States with the best tools, knowledge, skills and enabling environment to preserve their cultural ...
82.
Article 5 of the World Heritage Convention, states:
"To ensure that effective and active measures are taken for the protection, conservation and presentation of the cultural and natural heritage situated on its territory, each State Party to this Convention shall endeavor, in so far as possible, and as appropriate for each country:
to adopt a general policy which aims to ...
83.
Authenticity only applies to cultural properties and to the cultural aspects of ‘mixed’ properties. Authenticity can be seen as the link between attributes and Outstanding Universal Value.
According to paragraph 82 of the Operational Guidelines, a World Heritage property ”[] may be understood to meet the conditions of authenticity if their cultural values (as recognized in ...
84.
CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora), entered in force on 1 July 1975, is an international agreement between governments. Its aim is to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival. CITES works by subjecting international trade in specimens of selected species ...
85.
In 1997, the Division of Earth Sciences at UNESCO introduced the idea of creating a UNESCO Geoparks Programme to protect heritage of international geological significance. In 2000, the European Geoparks Network (EGN) was established. Following a meeting in Paris, this was expanded to a Global Geoparks Network (GGN) in 2004, which was placed under the auspices of ...
86.
What it is: Social meaning given to being a woman or a man. Social characteristics – not biological differences– used to define a woman or a man.
What it does: defines the boundaries of what women and men can and should be and do. Shapes and determines the behaviour, roles, expectations, and entitlements of women and men. Provides rules, norms, customs, and ...
87.
ICOMOS thematic studies: The International Council on Monuments and Sites regularly conducts and publishes thematic studies in the context of the World Heritage Convention. An overview of the publications can be found here.
IUCN thematic studies: the International Union for the Conservation of Nature has undertaken a range of global and regional studies to support State ...
88.
The International assistance scheme under the World Heritage Fund deals with the protection of cultural sites (monuments, groups of buildings, historic cities, archaeological sites) and natural sites inscribed on the World Heritage List. Priority is given to the most threatened properties, especially those inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger. Sites inscribed ...
89.
Presentation is the explanation of a property and its values to the public (visitors and local people) from established, authoritative information sources; as such it is a largely one-way process of communication.
Interpretation, on the other hand, embraces a much wider concept (in fact presentation is just one element of interpretation) which refers to the full range of ...
90.
The World Heritage Convention does not specifically define conservation. Throughout the Convention reference is made to the "identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission to future generations of the cultural and natural heritage".
Article 5 of the Convention makes reference to a number of "effective and active measures" that can be taken by ...
91.
‘Communities’ should be understood in the meaning of Article 5 (a) of the World Heritage Convention, which asks each State Party to the Convention "to adopt a general policy which aims to give the cultural and natural heritage a function in the life of the community and to integrate the protection of that heritage into comprehensive planning programmes".
One of the central ...
92.
In relation to boundaries for effective protection, paragraphs 99-102 of the Operational Guidelines state:
‘99. The delineation of boundaries is an essential requirement in the establishment of effective protection of nominated properties. Boundaries should be drawn to incorporate all the attributes that convey the Outstanding Universal Value and to ensure the integrity ...
93.
Refers to a decision taken by the World Heritage Committee on the State of Conservation of a property. Committee decisions can recommend a number of courses of action. These can include:
a) [The Committee] may decide that the property has not seriously deteriorated and that no further action should be taken;
b) when the Committee considers that the property has seriously ...
94.
The 'fostering of peace and security' is one of the three dimensions of sustainable development set out in the 2030 UN Agenda for Sustainable Development and in the Policy Document for the Integration of a Sustainable Development Perspective into the Processes of the World Heritage Convention. Paragraphs 28 and 29 of this policy read:
28. Sustainable development and the ...
95.
International assistance requests for Conservation & Management assistance or Preparatory assistance, for more than US$5,000:
31 October, year N: deadline for submission.
January, year N+1: evaluation by a panel gathering the World Heritage Centre and the Advisory Bodies to the World Heritage Committee.
If the request is recommended for approval and is between ...