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Chatham Naval Dockyard

	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (Europe and North America)
Date of Submission:	21/06/1999
Criteria:	(ii)(iii)(iv)
Category:	Cultural
Submitted by:	Dep. For Culture, Media and Sport Buildings, Monuments and Sites
Coordinates:	Long.00°31'80" E / Lat. 51°23'53" N Kent, England
Ref.:	1309

Description

Chatham Dockyard is the supreme example of a Royal dockyard largely unaltered from the age of sail, at a period when the Royal Navy was instrumental in Britain's global influence and when, before the full impact of the Industrial Revolution, dockyards were the largest industrial centres in Europe. The dockyard contained all the facilities necessary to build, repair, maintain and equip ships of the fleet, and was supplemented by facilities for the Ordnance Board, responsible for the supply of guns, ammunition and powder to the navy and army. Nearby were barracks for the army and marines, and around these and the dockyard grew up the village of Brompton, serving this major concentration of military personnel. Installations such as dockyards were considered vulnerable to attack by land or sea. Hence at various periods Chatham was provided with permanent fortifications. On the high ground east of the dockyard continuous artillery fortifications were provided in the mid 1Sth century, called the Brompton Lines, with a concentration of guns and troops at Fort Amherst, overlooking the town of Chatham and controlling access to the military zone of the dockyard, barracks and ordnance wharf. The proposed World Heritage Site focuses on the 1xth and early 19th century dockyard and excludes the later 19th century extension for the steam navy. It includes the site of the Ordnance Board wharf, of which some buildings remain, and, as an outlier, Upnor Castle, built in 559-67 to defend the dockyard and used in the 1Sth century as the main powder magazine at Chatham. It also includes the site of the Infantry Barracks (now known as Kitchener Barracks) of c 1750-80 and the site of the Royal Marines Barracks of c 1780. The most significant surviving barracks at Chatham are, however, those built by the Ordnance Board as the Brompton Artillery Barracks, completed on a grand scale by 1806, and now forming the Royal Engineers HQ as the School of Military Engineering. The village of Brompton served the barracks and is included in the proposed World Heritage Site for its fine 1sth century houses and other historic buildings serving a social function for the large number of military personnel. All these sites, with the exception of Upnor, were defended by the Brompton Lines, construction of which was commenced c 1756 by the Royal Engineers, first as earth fortifications and later revetted in brick. These continued to develop into the 19th century until the 1870s when a perimeter ring of forts was built to replace them. The proposed World Heritage Site includes not just the Lines themselves but also the former open fields of fire to the east, known as the Great Lines. The northern end of the Lines has been eroded by the construction of the 19th century extension to the dockyard but they are continuous through Brompton Barracks and extend south to rejoin the river Medway at the site of the former ordnance wharf. This southern end is collectively known as Fort Amherst, a major complex of gun positions, magazines, barracks and tunnels that controlled access into the military zone by means of guarded gates at bridges over a deep barrier ditch. Boundaries The western boundary follows the west bank of the river Medway opposite the dockyard proper. It then follows the line of the now lost 18th century dockyard wall on a line dividing the early dockyard from the mid 19th century extension of St Mary's Island. The boundary then takes in HMS Pembroke (early 20th century naval barracks) before joining the northern end of the Brompton Lines. It then runs roughly due south following the division between the urbanised area and the open land that represents the field of fire of the defences. At the Medway Hospital the boundary turns north west running along the edge of the open space of the Great Lines as it overlooks Chatham proper, and including the naval war memorial. It then takes in Town Hall Gardens and crosses Military Road to embrace the largely open space adjacent to the former Ordnance Yard at the southern end of the Brompton Lines. The boundary then rejoins the river. This boundary reflects the historic extent of the military presence at Chatham as enclosed by the Brompton Lines. The majority of the land so encompassed is taken up with sites directly related to the presence of the dockyard but also includes significant areas of redevelopment, such as the Lloyds Headquarters, and modern housing, such as that surrounding the historic core of Brompton. The areas-of new development are not of themselves deserving of World Heritage Site status and are included solely for completeness. At Upnor the boundary is drawn to include the castle proper and the barracks block of 1719 but not the remainder of the historic village. It follows the boundary of the scheduled monument.