State of Conservation (SOC)

• Air and Ténéré Natural Reserves (1993)
  Niger
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: War,
  Danger List: Yes
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.001/03,WHC.93/CONF.002/05
  

• Ancient City of Damascus (1993)
  Syrian Arab Republic
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Management activities,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/05
  

• Angkor (1993)
  Cambodia
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Legal framework, Management systems/ management plan, Human resources,
  Danger List: Yes
  Other Threats: Urgent problems of conservation
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.001/03,WHC.93/CONF.002/05
  

• Antigua Guatemala (1993)
  Guatemala
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Housing, Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure, Impacts of tourism/visitor/recreation, Earthquake, Management systems/ management plan,
  Other Threats: Numerous ruins in the city that in danger of collapse in the event of an earthquake
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• Archaeological Site of Delphi (1993)
  Greece
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Localised utilities, Impacts of tourism/visitor/recreation, Human resources,
  Other Threats: Need to strengthen the protection of the site
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.001/03,WHC.93/CONF.002/05
  

• Auschwitz Birkenau
  German Nazi Concentration and Extermination Camp (1940-1945) (1993)
  Poland
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Commercial development,
  Other Threats: Threat to the integrity of the property (not specified - supermarket project?)
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• Bahla Fort (1993)
  Oman
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Management activities,
  Danger List: Yes
  Other Threats: Degradation of the structures
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/05
  

• Brasilia (1993)
  Brazil
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Housing, Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• Burgos Cathedral (1993)
  Spain
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Governance, Management systems/ management plan,
  Other Threats: Need for restoration works
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/05
  

• Chan Chan Archaeological Zone (1993)
  Peru
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Land conversion, Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
  Danger List: Yes
  Other Threats: Continuous research on adobe structures conservation is necessary
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• Chavin (Archaeological Site) (1993)
  Peru
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Management systems/ management plan, Financial resources, Human resources,
  Other Threats: Deterioration of the site
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• Chitwan National Park (1993)
  Nepal
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Illegal activities, Management systems/ management plan,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• City of Cuzco (1993)
  Peru
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Housing, Management systems/ management plan,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• City of Potosí (1993)
  Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Surface water pollution, Human resources, Management activities,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• City of Quito (1993)
  Ecuador
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure, Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community, Earthquake, Financial resources,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• Colonial City of Santo Domingo (1993)
  Dominican Republic
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Housing, Impacts of tourism/visitor/recreation,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• Danube Delta (1993)
  Romania
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Legal framework,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.001/03,WHC.93/CONF.002/05
  

• Durmitor National Park (1993)
  Montenegro
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Water infrastructure, Localised utilities, Surface water pollution,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.001/03,WHC.93/CONF.002/05
  

• Everglades National Park (1993)
  United States of America
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Housing, Water infrastructure, Industrial areas, Surface water pollution, Crop production, Storms,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/05
  

• Fortifications on the Caribbean Side of Panama: Portobelo-San Lorenzo (1993)
  Panama
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
  Other Threats: More attention to be paid to stone conservation
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• Frontiers of the Roman Empire (1993)
  United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
  Germany
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Mining, Impacts of tourism/visitor/recreation,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• Hanseatic City of Lübeck (1993)
  Germany
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Deliberate destruction of heritage,
  Other Threats: Discovery of mural paintings - need for restoration
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/05
  

• Historic Areas of Istanbul (1993)
  Turkey
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Management systems/ management plan,
  Other Threats: Need to monitor movements which could affect the structure of the building
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.001/03,WHC.93/CONF.002/05
  

• Historic Centre of Lima (1993)
  Peru
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Management activities,
  Other Threats: Need to improve the environment of the convent
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• Historic Centre of Puebla (1993)
  Mexico
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Housing, Commercial development, Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure, Deliberate destruction of heritage,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/05
  

• Historic Centre of Rome, the Properties of the Holy See in that City Enjoying Extraterritorial Rights and San Paolo Fuori le Mura (1993)
  Holy See
  Italy
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure, Air pollution, Terrorism,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments (1993)
  Russian Federation
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Housing, Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system, Legal framework, Management systems/ management plan, Financial resources, Management activities,
  Other Threats: Steady deterioration of the city's pysical environment; Large-scale rehabilitation project for the Hermitage
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• Historic Centre of Salvador de Bahia (1993)
  Brazil
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community, Management systems/ management plan, Management activities,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• Historic Centre of the Town of Olinda (1993)
  Brazil
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure, Impacts of tourism/visitor/recreation, Avalanche/ landslide, Management systems/ management plan,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• Historic City of Sucre (1993)
  Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Management systems/ management plan,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu (1993)
  Peru
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Management systems/ management plan,
  Other Threats: Need for an inventory of the park's natural and cultural resources
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• Historic Town of Ouro Preto (1993)
  Brazil
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Impacts of tourism/visitor/recreation, Management systems/ management plan,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• Island of Mozambique (1993)
  Mozambique
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Management systems/ management plan,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• Jesuit Missions of the Chiquitos (1993)
  Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Housing, Legal framework, Management activities,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• Jesuit Missions of the Guaranis: San Ignacio Mini, Santa Ana, Nuestra Señora de Loreto and Santa Maria Mayor (Argentina), Ruins of Sao Miguel das Missoes (Brazil) (1993)
  Brazil
  Argentina
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Management systems/ management plan,
  Other Threats: Aggressive natural environment
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• Kasbah of Algiers (1993)
  Algeria
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Legal framework, Management systems/ management plan,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• Kathmandu Valley  (1993)
  Nepal
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Housing, Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure, Land conversion, Avalanche/ landslide, Management systems/ management plan, Financial resources, Human resources, Management activities,
  Other Threats: Need for restoration/consolidation works
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.001/03,WHC.93/CONF.002/05
  

• Kizhi Pogost (1993)
  Russian Federation
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Legal framework, Governance, Management systems/ management plan, Financial resources,
  Other Threats: Lack of fire /lightning protection; Deformation and deterioration of the structures
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• Kluane / Wrangell-St. Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek (1993)
  United States of America
  Canada
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Management systems/ management plan,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/05
  

• La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site in Puerto Rico (1993)
  United States of America
  Year: 1993
  Threats*:
  Other Threats: No specific problem identified in the restoration works
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• Manas Wildlife Sanctuary (1993)
  India
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Land conversion, Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community, Illegal activities, Civil unrest,
  Danger List: Yes
  Other Threats: Destruction of Park infrastructures;
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.001/03,WHC.93/CONF.002/05
  

• Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park (1993)
  Central African Republic
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Illegal activities, Management systems/ management plan,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.001/03,WHC.93/CONF.002/05
  

• Maya Site of Copan (1993)
  Honduras
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Management systems/ management plan,
  Other Threats: Attention to be paid to the conservation of stone and stuccos
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• Mosi-oa-Tunya / Victoria Falls (1993)
  Zambia
  Zimbabwe
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Water infrastructure,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve (1993)
  Côte d'Ivoire
  Guinea
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Ground transport infrastructure, Mining, Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community, Illegal activities, Management systems/ management plan, Financial resources,
  Danger List: Yes
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.001/03,WHC.93/CONF.002/05
  

• National History Park – Citadel, Sans Souci, Ramiers (1993)
  Haiti
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Legal framework, Management systems/ management plan, Financial resources,
  Other Threats: Consolidation of the Sans Souci Palace and rehabilitation of the Royal Gardens required
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• Ngorongoro Conservation Area (1993)
  Tanzania, United Republic of
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Crop production,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/05
  

• Niokolo-Koba National Park (1993)
  Senegal
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Ground transport infrastructure, Illegal activities, Management systems/ management plan,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/05
  

• Old City of Dubrovnik (1993)
  Croatia
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: War, Legal framework, Management systems/ management plan,
  Danger List: Yes
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.001/03,WHC.93/CONF.002/05
  

• Old Havana and its Fortifications (1993)
  Cuba
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Storms,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• Old Town of Ávila with its Extra-Muros Churches (1993)
  Spain
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Ground transport infrastructure,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/05
  

• Old Walled City of Shibam (1993)
  Yemen
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Flooding,
  Other Threats: Poor maintenance
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/05,WHC.93/CONF.002/05 Add.1
  

• Plitvice Lakes National Park (1993)
  Croatia
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Illegal activities, War,
  Danger List: Yes
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.001/03,WHC.93/CONF.002/05
  

• Port, Fortresses and Group of Monuments, Cartagena (1993)
  Colombia
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Ground transport infrastructure,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• Pythagoreion and Heraion of Samos (1993)
  Greece
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Ground transport infrastructure,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.001/03,WHC.93/CONF.002/05
  

• Sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Congonhas (1993)
  Brazil
  Year: 1993
  Threats*:
  Other Threats: Architecture of mediocre quality around the property; Conservation issue of woodwork and mural paintings
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• Sangay National Park (1993)
  Ecuador
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Ground transport infrastructure, Land conversion, Livestock farming/grazing of domesticated animals, Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community, Illegal activities, Management systems/ management plan,
  Danger List: Yes
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.001/03,WHC.93/CONF.002/05
  

• Santiago de Compostela (Old Town) (1993)
  Spain
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Housing, Impacts of tourism/visitor/recreation,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.001/03,WHC.93/CONF.002/05
  

• Sinharaja Forest Reserve (1993)
  Sri Lanka
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Land conversion,
  Other Threats: Need to implement the Management Plan as a priority
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• Srebarna Nature Reserve (1993)
  Bulgaria
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Water infrastructure, Surface water pollution, Livestock farming/grazing of domesticated animals, Water,
  Danger List: Yes
  Other Threats: Loss of biodiversity
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.001/03,WHC.93/CONF.002/05
  

• Talamanca Range-La Amistad Reserves / La Amistad National Park (1993)
  Costa Rica
  Panama
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Ground transport infrastructure, Oil and gas, Management systems/ management plan,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.001/03,WHC.93/CONF.002/05
  

• Taos Pueblo (1993)
  United States of America
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Air transport infrastructure,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• Tikal National Park (1993)
  Guatemala
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Management systems/ management plan,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/05
  

• Trinidad and the Valley de los Ingenios (1993)
  Cuba
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Water infrastructure, Impacts of tourism/visitor/recreation, Management systems/ management plan, Management activities,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/14
  

• Virunga National Park (1993)
  Democratic Republic of the Congo
  Year: 1993
  Threats*: Fishing/collecting aquatic resources, Land conversion, Livestock farming/grazing of domesticated animals, Mining, Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community, Illegal activities, Civil unrest, Financial resources,
  Document Source: WHC.93/CONF.002/05
  

* : The threats indicated are listed in alphabetical order; their order does not constitute a classification according to the importance of their impact on the property.
Furthermore, they are presented irrespective of the type of threat faced by the property, i.e. with specific and proven imminent danger (“ascertained danger”) or with threats which could have deleterious effects on the property’s Outstanding Universal Value (“potential danger”).

** : All mission reports are not always available electronically.