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Bagh-e Fin (Fin Garden), Kashan

Les noms des biens figurent dans la langue dans laquelle les Etats parties les ont soumis.

Iran (République islamique d') (Asie et pacifique)
Date de soumission : 09/08/2007
Critères: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)
Catégorie : Culturel
Soumis par : Iranian Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization
Etat, province ou région : Isfahan  Province
Ref.: 5177

Description

The network of Persian gardens means a collection of gardens which encompasses the most significant historical gardens. Bagh-e Fin is one of the most authentic and prominent gardens in such a network.

Although there are some hints in several sources about the background of Bagh-e Fin prior to Safavid Dynasty specially on the manner of construction in the new place and abandonment of the Old bagh (garden), but no clear image of it can be found. From the end of 10th century Hijra that is the starting point of the bagh construction in the new place, closer to the Mazharkhaneh of Soleymaniyeh Spring, the historical records about the developments of the bagh are more definite. The pinnacle of developments done for the bagh can be seen from the reign of King Abbas I (1587-1629 AD) to the reign of King Abbas II (1666-1624 AD).

In Qajar dynasty, it has been highly regarded in the reign of Fath-Ali Shah (1795-1834 AD) and many annexations have been added to the building. The garden has been paid less attention to after the fath-Ali Shah's decease till 1935 and even some parts have been destroyed. It was finally inscribed in the list of National Properties in 1935 and it received a new phase of attention.

The Persian gardens are a kind of open and green spaces that have been designed from very past times. Through thousands of years, such spaces, a wide-ranging network of gardens have come to existence all over the areas in which the Iranian culture and civilization had dominated and or influenced by this civilization.

Bagh-e Fin has been located among a collection of gardens in the region of Fin. The forging collection has been created by the irrigation of the region of Small Fin (Fin-e Kouchak) by means of the historical spring of Soleymaniyeh. Bagh-e Fin is totally about 2.3 hectares in area and a yard to the dimensions of 120m×140m, approximately 1.7 hectares in area, has been allocated for the main yard. This main yard is the most important part of the garden and has been surrounded by four ramparts and towers which have been constructed in the joining points of the ramparts.

There is a main passage in the garden from the loft (Sardarkhaneh) to the clove (Shahneshin) at the end of the garden. This passage is the most important one and encompasses several important elements including main palace, the front open space, pool, pond with 12 fountains, and the pond which is called Hoze-joosh.There exist 579 cypress trees and 11 plane trees.

Valeur universelle exceptionnelle

Satements of authenticity and/or integrity

Authenticity

As it concerns the standards of authenticity, the Persian gardens have been built with similar principals and standards and somehow, in identical conditions.

From the viewpoints of planning, form, traditions, techniques, managerial programs, the place of establishment, and some other features of intangible heritage including gardening and irrigation traditions are of noticeable authenticity.

In the frame of functionality, materials and the damages incurred to the authenticity of the garden, it needs protective decisions and strategies.

Integrity:

Although the garden has been damaged in past times but it still owns the spatial cohesion. Existence of Soleymaniyeh Spring, which still runs at the moment, has provided the viability of the garden trees. The existence of two valuable elements e.i. water and trees supported the garden to preserve its appearance. Other elements of the garden including architectural elements have remarkably preserved their cohesion. It seems that the water system in the garden and in a larger scope than itself, helped to the viability of planting system and the straight line of Cypress tress are of outstanding world values of Bagh-e Fin.

This garden has been fortunately inscribed in the National List of Properties and under protection for 70 years. For the same reason, it passed over many periods in which the Persian gardens faced with destructions and changes. At the moment, the necessary actions and studies for the climatic conditions of old trees of the garden are underway.

Comparison with other similar properties

From two approaches, Bagh-e Fin can be compared with other properties. The first approach, other Persian garden and the second one, gardens built within the other schools of garden designing.

From the first approach, in comparison with other gardens, Bagh-e Fin is one of the most important instances of its kind and can be a suitable start-up for inscription of the network of Persian gardens in the List of World Heritage. It should be noted that the entire values of the Persian gardens have to be regarded for inscription in the List. This can facilitate the inscription of the network of Persian gardens in the List of World Heritage. Given such a decision is to be enforced, some other historical gardens, from important regions including Isfahan, Shiraz, Behsshahr, Birjand, and Yazd should be added.

From the second approach, Bagh-e Fin is an eminent example of The Persian Garden designing School and its inscription in the List of World Heritage not only clarifies the Iranian cultural identity in the field of garden building and architecture, but also helps to introduction of one of the methods of historical landscape building.