Brève description
Le tombeau d'Antiochos Ier (69 à 34 av. J.-C.), qui régna sur le Commagène, royaume constitué au nord de la Syrie et de l'Euphrate après le démembrement de l'empire d'Alexandre, représente une des plus colossales entreprises de l'époque hellénistique. Le syncrétisme de son panthéon et la filiation légendaire grecque et perse de ses rois témoignent de la double origine de la culture et de l'esthétique de ce royaume.
Nemrut Dağ
The mausoleum of Antiochus I (69–34 B.C.), who reigned over Commagene, a kingdom founded north of Syria and the Euphrates after the breakup of Alexander's empire, is one of the most ambitious constructions of the Hellenistic period. The syncretism of its pantheon, and the lineage of its kings, which can be traced back through two sets of legends, Greek and Persian, is evidence of the dual origin of this kingdom's culture.
Le tombeau d'Antiochos Ier (69 à 34 av. J.-C.), qui régna sur le Commagène, royaume constitué au nord de la Syrie et de l'Euphrate après le démembrement de l'empire d'Alexandre, représente une des plus colossales entreprises de l'époque hellénistique. Le syncrétisme de son panthéon et la filiation légendaire grecque et perse de ses rois témoignent de la double origine de la culture et de l'esthétique de ce royaume.
نمرود داغ
يشكل قبر الملك انتوشوز الأول (69 - 34 قبل الميلاد) الذي تربع على عرش مملكة كوماجين الناشئة شمال سوريا والفرات عقب انهيار امبراطورية الاسكندر احدى الانجازات الأكثر ضخامة في العهد اليوناني. ويشهد كل من الطابع التوفيقي الذي يتسم به مدفن عظماء الأمة والبنوة الأسطورية اليونانية والفارسية لملوك كوماجين على الأصل المزدوج لثقافة هذه المملكة وجماليتها.
Source: UNESCO/BPI
内姆鲁特达格
这里是安提俄克斯一世（公元前69-34年）的陵墓。他当时统治着科马哥纳──亚利山大王国解体后在叙利亚北部和幼发拉底河建立的王国，这是希腊时期最能体现勃勃雄心的建筑之一。这里的众神合一和王室血统可以溯源到希腊和波斯两个系列的传说中去，这一点反映了这一王国文化的双重起源。
Source: UNESCO/ERI
Археологические находки на горе Немрут-Даг
Гробница Антиоха I (69-34 гг. до н.э.), который был правителем Коммагены (царства, основанного к северу от Сирии и реки Евфрат после распада империи Александра Македонского), это одно из наиболее амбициозных сооружений эллинистического периода. Эклектичность этого пантеона и различная последовательность смены царей в династии, что отражено в двух версиях легенды – древнегреческой и персидской, являются свидетельствами двойственного характера культуры этого царства.
Source: UNESCO/ERI
Nemrut Dağ
El monte Nemrut alberga los vestigios de una de las más ambiciosas construcciones de la época helenística, el mausoleo del rey Antíoco I, que ocupó entre los años 69 y 34 a.C. el trono de Comagene, un reino creado al norte de Siria y el Éufrates tras el desmembramiento del imperio de Alejandro el Magno. El doble origen de la cultura y el arte de este reino lo corroboran tanto el sincretismo del panteón de sus dioses como el linaje grecopersa de sus soberanos.
Source: UNESCO/ERI
© UNESCO
Description longue
[Uniquement en anglais]
The tomb or the Hierotheseion of Nemrut Dağ bears unique testimony to the civilization of the kingdom of Commagene. Antiochos I is represented in this monument as a descendant of Darius by his father Mithridates, and a descendant of Alexander by his mother Laodice. This semi-legendary ancestry translates in genealogical terms the ambition of a dynasty that sought to remain independent of the powers of both the East and the West. More than the tombs at Karakuş and Eski Kâhta, the tumulus at Nemrut Dağ illustrates, through the liberal syncretism of a very original pantheon, a significant historical period. The landscaping of the natural site of Nemrut Dağ is one of the most colossal undertakings of the Hellenistic epoch (some of the stone blocks used weigh up to 9 tonnes).
When the empire of Alexander the Great was breaking up, numerous kingdoms were formed in the Hellenized provinces of the East. One such kingdom was Commagene, which, from 162 BC to AD 72, existed as a semi-independent state, its sovereigns defending their autonomy first against the Seleucids and then against the Romans.
The monarchs of this dynasty bore the Greek names of Antiochos or Mithridates. They left behind, in the mountainous region that stretched from the north of the high valley of the Euphrates, not far from Adıyaman, several breathtakingly beautiful funerary sanctuaries. Locations include Eski Kâhta, Karakuş and, especially, Nemrut Dağ, where the most impressive of all the tomb sites is found, that of Antiochos I of Commagene (69-34 BC).
Discovered by chance in 1881 by Charles Sester, an engineer, it was not until 1953 that exploration of the site was undertaken. Dominating the summit of Nemrut Dağ is a conical tumulus of stone chips. This funerary mound, whose interior layout remains unknown despite numerous attempts to locate the dromos, is surrounded on the east, west and north sides by artificial terraces. The east terrace has two distinct levels dug out of the rock. On the upper level, a row of five colossal seated figures (7 m high) representing deities shares a common substructure with two pairs of equally immense statues, each pair comprising a lion and an eagle, symmetrically positioned at either end. Inscriptions on the statues identify them from left to right as being: the god Apollo-Mithras-Helios-Hermes; the goddess Tyche of Commagene; the god Zeus-Oromasdes; Antiochos himself; the god Heracles-Artagnes-Ares.
The heads of these statues have broken off and tumbled to the lower terrace, which is bordered on its east side by a pyramid-shaped altar, and on the north and south sides by rows of orthostats. On the north side, these stones are decorated with relief sculptures representing the Persian ancestors of Antiochos. On the south side, his Macedonian ancestors symmetrically face the others. Engraved inscriptions on the backs of the slabs identify the genealogical links.
The west terrace has similar features, with the same series of five statues between the two lion-eagle pairs, but does not have an altar. The orthostats repeat the dual genealogy of Antiochos I, the Persian branch on the south, the Macedonian on the west. The symmetry is somewhat modified by the topography of the mountain.
Three superb reliefs show Antiochos exchanging a handshake with Apollo-Mithras-Helios-Hermes, with Zeus-Oromasdes and Heracles-Artagnes-Ares. They are framed by an allegorical group of Antiochos and the Commagenes on the left and an astrological relief called 'the king's horoscope' on the right. The inscription, which has been deciphered, gives the date 10 July 62-61 BC: the date that Antiochos I was invested as king by the Romans.
Source : UNESCO/CLT/WHC
