Brief Description
From c. 100 B.C. to A.D. 1300, the Sierra de San Francisco (in the El Vizcaino reserve, in Baja California) was home to a people who have now disappeared but who left one of the most outstanding collections of rock paintings in the world. They are remarkably well-preserved because of the dry climate and the inaccessibility of the site. Showing human figures and many animal species and illustrating the relationship between humans and their environment, the paintings reveal a highly sophisticated culture. Their composition and size, as well as the precision of the outlines and the variety of colours, but especially the number of sites, make this an impressive testimony to a unique artistic tradition.
From c. 100 B.C. to A.D. 1300, the Sierra de San Francisco (in the El Vizcaino reserve, in Baja California) was home to a people who have now disappeared but who left one of the most outstanding collections of rock paintings in the world. They are remarkably well-preserved because of the dry climate and the inaccessibility of the site. Showing human figures and many animal species and illustrating the relationship between humans and their environment, the paintings reveal a highly sophisticated culture. Their composition and size, as well as the precision of the outlines and the variety of colours, but especially the number of sites, make this an impressive testimony to a unique artistic tradition.
Peintures rupestres de la Sierra de San Francisco
Dans la réserve d'El Vizcaíno, en Basse-Californie, la Sierra de San Francisco a abrité, depuis 100 av. J.-C. jusqu'à 1300 apr. J.-C., un peuple aujourd'hui disparu, qui a laissé un des plus beaux et des plus importants ensembles de peintures rupestres du monde. Celles-ci, remarquablement conservées en raison du climat sec et des difficultés d'accès, représentent des êtres humains et de nombreuses espèces animales. Elles reflètent la relation entre l'homme et son environnement et constituent l'expression la plus raffinée de la culture de ce peuple. La composition et la dimension des peintures, ainsi que la précision des tracés et la variété des couleurs, mais surtout le nombre de sites, font de ce travail artistique un témoin exceptionnel d'une tradition unique.
الرسوم على الصخور في سييرا دي سان فرانسيسكو
في محمية ال فيسكايينو في ولاية باجا كاليفورنيا، حضنت سييرا دي سان فرانسيسكو منذ العام 100 ق.م. حتى العام 1300 م.، شعبًا اختفى اليوم لكنه ترك مجموعةً من أجمل الرسوم على الصخور وأهمها في العالم. وتتمّ المحافظة على هذه المجموعة خوفًا من المناخ الجاف وصعوبة الوصول اليها. وهي تمثل الكائنات البشرية وفصائل عديدة من الحيوانات. كما تعكس العلاقة بين الانسان وبيئته وتشكل التعابير الأكثر دقةً لثقافة هذا الشعب. ان تكوين هذه الرسوم وحجمها، بالاضافة إلى دقة الرسمات وتنوّع الالوان وبخاصة عدد المواقع، جعلت من هذا العمل الفني شاهداً فريدًا على هذا التقليد الفريد.
Source: UNESCO/BPI
圣弗兰西斯科山脉岩画
大约在公元前100年到公元1300年间，曾有一个民族居住在位于下加利福尼亚半岛埃尔比斯开诺保护区内的圣弗兰西斯科山中，尽管这个民族现在已经消亡了，但他们却给我们留下了世界上最著名的岩画之一。由于当地气候干燥，而且地理位置几乎与世隔绝，所以这些岩画被完整地保留了下来。这些岩画上描绘着人类和许多种动物，展示了人类与环境的关系，这些作品显示出当时这个民族已经拥有了高度发达的文化。这些岩画的内容、大小、准确的轮廓和丰富的色彩，特别是岩画的数量，都使得该遗址成为这个独一无二传统的最好见证。
Source: UNESCO/ERI
Наскальная живопись в горах Сьерра-де-Сан-Франсиско
В период с 100 г. до н.э. по 1300 г. н.э. горы Сьерра-де-Сан-Франсиско (в резервате Эль-Вискаино в Нижней Калифорнии) являлись районом расселения народа, который ныне уже исчез, но оставил одну из самых замечательных в мире коллекций наскальных росписей. Они удивительно хорошо сохранились благодаря сухому климату и недоступности этого места. Изображая фигуры людей и животных и отражая взаимоотношения человека с окружающей его средой, эти изображения принадлежат весьма развитой культуре. Их композиция и размеры, также как четкость линий и многообразие цветов, их обилие придают данному объекту особенную художественную ценность.
Source: UNESCO/ERI
Pinturas rupestres de la Sierra de San Francisco
Situada en la reserva de El Vizcaíno (Baja California), la sierra de San Francisco fue entre el siglo I a.C. y el siglo XIV d.C. el lugar de asentamiento de un pueblo, hoy desaparecido, que nos ha legado uno de los conjuntos más notables de pinturas rupestres del mundo. Mantenidos en un admirable estado de conservación gracias a la sequedad del clima y el difícil acceso del sitio, estos conjuntos representan seres humanos y numerosas especies animales, así como la relación del hombre con su entorno. Exponentes de una cultura sumamente refinada, las pinturas constituyen por su composición, dimensiones, precisión de trazos, variedad de colores y, sobre todo, por su abundancia, un testimonio excepcional de una tradición artística única en su género.
Source: UNESCO/ERI
サンフランシスコ山地の岩絵群
source: NFUAJ
Long Description
The Sierra de San Francisco region contains the most important concentration of pre-Hispanic rock art in the Baja California peninsula. It is of exceptional quality at both the national and the international scale, for its high quality, its extent, the variety and originality of human and animal representations, its remarkable colours, and its excellent state of preservation.
The prehistoric rock art of the region was first reported by the Jesuit Francisco Javier Clavijero in a publication in Rome in 1789. Further studies were carried out by the Dutch scholar ten Kate in 1874 and the French scholar Diguet (1889-1905). In the present century investigations have been carried out by Georges Enguerrand, Barbro Dahlgren, Stanley Gardner, Harry Crosby and Javier Romero. Some 400 sites have so far been registered, the most important of them within the reserve, near San Francisco and Mulege, over 250 in all.
The most highly developed pre-Hispanic group in the region was that of the Guachimis, whose territory extended from San Javier and La Purisima in the south of the reserve to the extreme northern end of the Baja California peninsula. Little is known about this group, apart from the fact that they came from further north.
The paintings are found on both the walls and roofs of rock shelters in the sides of ravines that are difficult of access. Those in the San Francisco area are divided into four main groups - Guadalupe, Santa Teresa, San Gregorio and Cerritos. The most important sites are Cueva del Batequì, Cueva de la Navidad, Cerro de Santa Marta, Cueva de la Soledad, Cueva de las Flechas and Grutas del Brinco.
The motifs are very varied, and include people (men, women and children) and many animal species, including rabbit, puma, lynx, deer, wild goat/sheep, whale, turtle, tuna, sardine, octopus, eagle and pelican; there are also abstract elements of various forms. The frequent depiction of weapons, in association with both human and animal figures, testifies to hunting and warfare. The range of colours covers the entire spectrum, as do the representational techniques used (flat colour, silhouette, shading, etc.). This rock art has been the subject of detailed analysis in recent years, resulting in important insights being gained into the social and religious organization of the prehistoric peoples of the area as well as their dietary habits. Obsidian dating of associated objects from excavated deposits shows them to vary in age from 1100 BC to AD 1300, and close analogies have been observed between this corpus of rock art and that from the south-west of the modern United States.
Source: UNESCO/CLT/WHC
Historical Description
The prehistoric rock art of the Sierra de San Francisco region was first reported by the Jesuit Francisco Javier Clavijero in a publication in Rome in 1789. Further studies were carried out by the Dutch scholar ten Kate in 1874 and the French scholar Diguet (1889-1905). In the present century investigations have been carried out by Georges Enguerrand, Barbro Dahlgren, Stanley Gardner, Harry Crosby, and Javier Romero. Some 400 sites have so far been registered by the Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia (INAH) , the most important of them within the Reserve, near San Francisco and Mulege, over 250 in all.
The most highly developed prehispanic group in the region was that of the Guachimis, whose territory extended from San Javier and La Purisima in the south of the Reserve to the extreme northern end of the Baja California peninsula. Little is known about this group, apart from the fact that they came from further north.
Source: Advisory Body Evaluation
