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Persepolis

Persepolis

Founded by Darius I in 518 B.C., Persepolis was the capital of the Achaemenid Empire. It was built on an immense half-artificial, half-natural terrace, where the king of kings created an impressive palace complex inspired by Mesopotamian models. The importance and quality of the monumental ruins make it a unique archaeological site.

Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Persépolis

Fondée par Darius Ier en 518 av. J.-C., Persépolis, capitale de l'Empire achéménide, fut construite sur une immense terrasse mi-naturelle, mi-artificielle où le roi des rois avait édifié un splendide palais aux proportions imposantes, inspiré de modèles mésopotamiens. C'est un site archéologique unique par l'importance et la qualité de ses vestiges monumentaux.

Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

بيرسبوليس

إنها عاصمة الامبراطورية الأخيمينية، أنشأها داريوس الأول في العام 518 ق.م. وقد بنيت على مصطبة عملاقة نصف طبيعية ونصف اصطناعية كان ملك الملوك قد شيّد عليها قصرًا رائعًا بقياسات ضخمة ومستوحى من نماذج خاصة ببلاد ما بين النهرين. إنه موقع أثريّ فريد من حيث أهمية بقايا النصب الأثرية ونوعيتها.

source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

波斯波利斯

波斯波利斯是古代阿契美尼德帝国的首都,兴建于公元前518年。在美索不达米亚诸都城的启发下,大流士一世在一块儿无垠的半人工半天然台地上修建了一座拥有众多宫殿的建筑群。波斯波利斯古城遗址提供了许多关于古代波斯文明的珍贵资料,具有重要的考古价值。

source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Древний город Персеполь

Основанный Дарием I в 518 г. до н.э., Персеполь являлся столицей империи Ахеменидов. Он был сооружен на огромной террасе, наполовину искусственной и наполовину естественной, где «Царь царей» создал впечатляющий дворцовый комплекс, вдохновленный шедеврами архитектуры из Месопотамии. Значительные размеры и художественное качество монументальных руин делают этот комплекс уникальным археологическим объектом.

source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Persépolis

Capital del imperio aqueménida fundada por Darío I en el año 518 a.C., Persépolis fue construida sobre una inmensa terraza, natural y artificial a la vez, en la que el rey de reyes erigió un espléndido conjunto palacial de proporciones colosales inspirado en los modelos mesopotámicos. Este sitio arqueológico es único en su género por la cantidad y la calidad de los vestigios monumentales que posee.

source: UNESCO/CPE
Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

ペルセポリス
アケメネス王朝の都であったペルセポリスは、イラン南部シーラーズの北東約60kmにあるペルシア最大の都の跡。紀元前520年ごろダイリウス大王の時代に宮殿などの建築が始まった。「諸王の王」であるペルシアの大王を訪れる新年の儀式の模様が、正面階段の壁などに描かれている。

source: NFUAJ

Persepolis

Persepolis werd opgericht door Darius de Grote in 518 voor Christus en was de hoofdstad van het Achaemenidische Rijk. Het is gebouwd op een enorm half kunstmatig, half natuurlijk terras, waar de koning een indrukwekkend paleiscomplex creëerde, geïnspireerd door Mesopotamische modellen. Een inscriptie in het terras bewijst dat Darius de Grote de grondlegger was van Persepolis. Er ging echter ruim een eeuw voorbij voordat Artaxerxes de Eerste de stad voltooide. De mooie, monumentale ruïnes van Persepolis liggen aan de voet van Kuh-i-Rahmat (Berg van Barmhartigheid) ongeveer 650 kilometer ten zuiden van de huidige hoofdstad Teheran.

Source: unesco.nl

Persepolis (Iran (Islamic Republic of)) © UNESCO
Outstanding Universal Value

Brief Synthesis

Persepolis, whose magnificent ruins rest at the foot of Kuh-e Rahmat (Mountain of Mercy) in south-western Iran, is among the world’s greatest archaeological sites. Renowned as the gem of Achaemenid (Persian) ensembles in the fields of architecture, urban planning, construction technology, and art, the royal city of Persepolis ranks among the archaeological sites which have no equivalent and which bear unique witness to a most ancient civilization. The city’s immense terrace was begun about 518 BCE by Darius the Great, the Achaemenid Empire’s king. On this terrace, successive kings erected a series of architecturally stunning palatial buildings, among them the massive Apadana palace and the Throne Hall (“Hundred-Column Hall”).

Inspired by Mesopotamian models, the Achaemenid kings Darius I (522-486 BCE), his son Xerxes I (486-465 BCE), and his grandson Artaxerxes I (465-424 BCE) built a splendid palatial complex on an immense half-natural, half-artificial terrace. This 13-ha ensemble of majestic approaches, monumental stairways, throne rooms (Apadana), reception rooms, and dependencies is classified among the world’s greatest archaeological sites. The terrace is a grandiose architectural creation, with its double flight of access stairs, walls covered by sculpted friezes at various levels, contingent Assyrianesque propylaea (monumental gateway), gigantic sculpted winged bulls, and remains of large halls. By carefully engineering lighter roofs and using wooden lintels, the Achaemenid architects were able to use a minimal number of astonishingly slender columns to support open area roofs. Columns were topped with elaborate capitals; typical was the double-bull capital where, resting on double volutes, the forequarters of two kneeling bulls, placed back-to-back, extend their coupled necks and their twin heads directly under the intersections of the beams of the ceiling.

Persepolis was the seat of government of the Achaemenid Empire, though it was designed primarily to be a showplace and spectacular centre for the receptions and festivals of the kings and their empire. The terrace of Persepolis continues to be, as its founder Darius would have wished, the image of the Achaemenid monarchy itself, the summit where likenesses of the king reappear unceasingly, here as the conqueror of a monster, there carried on his throne by the downtrodden enemy, and where lengthy cohorts of sculpted warriors and guards, dignitaries, and tribute bearers parade endlessly.

Criterion (i)The terrace of Persepolis, with its double flight of access stairs, its walls covered by sculpted friezes at various levels, contingent Assyrianesque propylaea, the gigantic winged bulls, and the remains of large halls, is a grandiose architectural creation. The studied lightening of the roofing and the use of wooden lintels allowed the Achaemenid architects to use, in open areas, a minimum number of astonishingly slender columns (1.60 metres in diameter vis-à-vis a height of about 20 metres). They are surmounted by typical capitals where, resting on double volutes, the forequarters of two kneeling bulls, placed back-to-back, extend their coupled necks and their twin heads, directly under the intersections of the beams of the ceiling.

Criterion (iii)This ensemble of majestic approaches, monumental stairways, throne rooms (Apadana), reception rooms, and annex buildings is classified among the world’s greatest archaeological sites, among those which have no equivalent and which bear witness of a unique quality to a most ancient civilization.

Criterion (vi)The terrace of Persepolis continues to be, as its founder Darius would have wished, the image of the Achaemenid monarchy itself, the summit where likenesses of the king reappear unceasingly, here as the conqueror of a monster, there carried on his throne by the downtrodden enemy, and where lengthy cohorts of sculpted warriors and guards, dignitaries, and tribute bearers parade endlessly.

Integrity

Within the boundaries of the property are located the known elements and components necessary to express the Outstanding Universal Value of the property, including the archaeological remains of the terrace and of its related royal palaces and buildings.

The most significant identified challenge to the integrity of the property and its buffer zone is controlling its borders and boundaries against agricultural, industrial, and constructional development. The principal potential threats are the growth of Marvdasht town, new village developments, and the arrival of polluting industries. These threats are considered to be increasing.

Authenticity

The archaeological ruins at Persepolis are authentic in terms of their locations and setting, materials and substance, and forms and design. The present location of the Persepolis terrace and its related buildings has not changed over the course of time. Restoration work has carefully respected the authenticity of the monuments, utilizing traditional technology and materials in harmony with the ensemble. No changes have been made to the general plan of Persepolis. Moreover, there are no modern reconstructions at Persepolis; the remains of all the monuments are authentic.

 Protection and management requirements

The Persepolis Ensemble was registered in the national list of Iranian monuments as item no. 20 on the 24th of the month Shahrivar, 1310 SAH (15 September 1931). Relevant national laws and regulations concerning the property include the National Heritage Protection Law (1930, updated 1998) and the 1980 Legal bill on preventing clandestine diggings and illegal excavations. The inscribed World Heritage property, which is owned by the Government of Iran, and its buffer zone are under the legal protection and management of the Iranian Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization (which is administered and funded by the Government of Iran). The property and buffer zone are also under a regional master plan with its own regulations. A management plan covering the identification of borders, buffer zone, land ownership, conservation priorities, and time-tabled management interventions was introduced in 2001. Persepolis Research Base, a management and conservation office established in Persepolis in 2001, is responsible for the investigation, conservation, restoration, reorganization, and presentation of the property. Training and skills upgrading are offered by the office in cooperation with universities and scientific institutes in Iran and abroad. Financial resources for Persepolis are provided through national and provincial budgets, and site admission fees.

Sustaining the Outstanding Universal Value of the property over time will require creating monitoring and evaluation systems for air pollutants, weathering, and environmental factors; controlling the borders and boundaries of the property against agricultural, industrial, and constructional development; developing indicators for measuring the effects of the potential growth and development of Marvdasht town and new villages; and investigating, evaluating, and eliminating any negative impact such growth and development that may have on the Outstanding Universal Value, integrity or authenticity of the property.

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