State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czechia Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Netherlands (Kingdom of the) New Zealand Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka State of Palestine Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Togo Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 2117 Housing 1088 Illegal activities 783 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 623 Ground transport infrastructure 577 Legal framework 472 Land conversion 448 Management activities 436 Mining 351 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 337 Financial resources 336 Human resources 335 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 304 Water infrastructure 279 Civil unrest 263 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 251 War 229 Deliberate destruction of heritage 223 Water (rain/water table) 198 Interpretative and visitation facilities 188 Governance 181 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 160 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 157 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 148 Oil and gas 140 Commercial development 139 Solid waste 134 Surface water pollution 126 Marine transport infrastructure 121 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 106 Forestry /wood production 101 Flooding 99 Major linear utilities 90 Crop production 88 Fire (widlfires) 78 Underground transport infrastructure 75 Earthquake 74 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 69 Storms 65 Other climate change impacts 63 Renewable energy facilities 59 Water (extraction) 57 Society's valuing of heritage 53 Invasive / alien freshwater species 52 Air transport infrastructure 51 Commercial hunting 50 High impact research / monitoring activities 49 Air pollution 42 Wind 39 Relative humidity 38 Industrial areas 37 Ground water pollution 36 Quarrying 34 Localised utilities 33 Drought 33 Non-renewable energy facilities 31 Subsistence hunting 30 Input of excess energy 27 Changes to oceanic waters 23 Avalanche/ landslide 23 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 22 Invasive / alien marine species 21 Pollution of marine waters 18 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 18 Temperature change 18 Translocated species 17 Desertification 16 Micro-organisms 10 Military training 7 Temperature 6 Hyper-abundant species 5 Aquaculture 4 Subsistence wild plant collection 4 Pests 4 Low impact research / monitoring activities 4 Tsunami/tidal wave 3 Terrorism 2 Volcanic eruption 2