State of Conservation

States Parties

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czechia Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Estonia Ethiopia Finland France Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Haiti Holy See Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Italy Japan Jordan Kenya Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Nepal New Zealand Niger North Macedonia Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Saint Lucia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Threats

Management systems/ management plan 1302 Housing 594 Illegal activities 508 Ground transport infrastructure 397 Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation 370 Management activities 269 Financial resources 254 Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community 253 Land conversion 225 Legal framework 225 Mining 205 Human resources 186 Water infrastructure 158 Water (rain/water table) 152 Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure 149 Civil unrest 148 Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals 137 Deliberate destruction of heritage 124 Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure 112 Surface water pollution 88 Solid waste 85 Interpretative and visitation facilities 84 Erosion and siltation/ deposition 84 Commercial development 79 Forestry /wood production 78 War 71 Oil and gas 70 Fishing/collecting aquatic resources 69 Storms 67 Invasive/alien terrestrial species 67 Crop production 64 Earthquake 62 Marine transport infrastructure 58 Relative humidity 57 Major linear utilities 55 Flooding 50 Air pollution 44 Water (extraction) 40 Fire (widlfires) 40 Governance 39 Localised utilities 31 Wind 30 Invasive / alien freshwater species 30 Input of excess energy 27 Industrial areas 23 Subsistence hunting 23 Society's valuing of heritage 23 Avalanche/ landslide 23 High impact research / monitoring activities 23 Air transport infrastructure 22 Renewable energy facilities 22 Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system 22 Commercial hunting 19 Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses 19 Underground transport infrastructure 18 Quarrying 17 Ground water pollution 15 Temperature 14 Micro-organisms 12 Other climate change impacts 12 Invasive / alien marine species 12 Pollution of marine waters 10 Temperature change 10 Desertification 9 Drought 9 Indigenous hunting, gathering and collecting 8 Volcanic eruption 8 Translocated species 5 Terrorism 4 Radiation/light 3 Tsunami/tidal wave 3 Non-renewable energy facilities 2 Pests 2 Military training 2 Subsistence wild plant collection 1