State of Conservation
States Parties:
|
Oman
|
Year: |
2009 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-09/33.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Oman
|
Year: |
2007 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-07/31.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Mauritius
|
Year: |
2014 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-14/38.COM/7B.Add
|
Threats*:
|
|
States Parties:
|
Mauritius
|
Year: |
2012 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-12/36.COM/7B.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Housing Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Management activities |
States Parties:
|
Mauritius
|
Year: |
2011 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-11/35.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Housing Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Management activities |
States Parties:
|
Mauritius
|
Year: |
2010 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-10/34.COM/7B.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Deliberate destruction of heritage |
States Parties:
|
Egypt
|
Year: |
2017 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC/17/41.COM/7A
|
Threats*:
|
Housing Management activities Management systems/ management plan Water (rain/water table) |
States Parties:
|
Egypt
|
Year: |
2016 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC/16/40.COM/7A
|
Threats*:
|
Management activities Management systems/ management plan Water (rain/water table) |
States Parties:
|
Egypt
|
Year: |
2015 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-15/39.COM/7A
|
Threats*:
|
Management activities Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Egypt
|
Year: |
2014 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-14/38.COM/7A
|
Threats*:
|
Management activities Management systems/ management plan Relative humidity Water (rain/water table) |
States Parties:
|
Egypt
|
Year: |
2013 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-13/37.COM/7A.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Management systems/ management plan Water (rain/water table) |
States Parties:
|
Egypt
|
Year: |
2012 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-12/36.COM/7A.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure Management systems/ management plan Water (rain/water table) |
States Parties:
|
Egypt
|
Year: |
2011 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-11/35.COM/7A.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure Management systems/ management plan Water (rain/water table) |
States Parties:
|
Egypt
|
Year: |
2010 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-10/34.COM/7A.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure Management systems/ management plan Water (extraction) |
States Parties:
|
Egypt
|
Year: |
2009 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-09/33.COM/7A
|
Threats*:
|
Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure Management systems/ management plan Water (rain/water table) |
States Parties:
|
Egypt
|
Year: |
2008 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-08/32.COM/7A
|
Threats*:
|
Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure Management systems/ management plan Water (rain/water table) |
States Parties:
|
Egypt
|
Year: |
2007 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-07/31.COM/7A
|
Threats*:
|
Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure Management systems/ management plan Water (rain/water table) |
States Parties:
|
Egypt
|
Year: |
2006 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-06/30.COM/7A
|
Threats*:
|
Management systems/ management plan Water (rain/water table) |
Other Threats:
|
Lack of consolidation and engineering measures
|
States Parties:
|
Egypt
|
Year: |
2005 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-05/29.COM/7A
|
Threats*:
|
Management systems/ management plan Water (rain/water table) |
Other Threats:
|
Lack of consolidation and engineering measures
|
States Parties:
|
Egypt
|
Year: |
2004 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-04/28.COM/15A.Rev
|
Threats*:
|
Land conversion Management systems/ management plan Water (rain/water table) |
States Parties:
|
Egypt
|
Year: |
2003 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC.03/27.COM/07A
|
Threats*:
|
Land conversion Management systems/ management plan Water (rain/water table) |
States Parties:
|
Egypt
|
Year: |
2001 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.01/CONF.208/10
|
Threats*:
|
Ground transport infrastructure Land conversion Water (rain/water table) |
Other Threats:
|
Risk of collapse
|
States Parties:
|
Egypt
|
Year: |
1992 |
Document Source:
|
CLT.92/CONF.003/02,WHC.92/CONF.002/05
|
Threats*:
|
Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Management activities Ritual / spiritual / religious and associative uses |
States Parties:
|
Greece
|
Year: |
2004 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-04/28.COM/15B
|
Threats*:
|
Housing Interpretative and visitation facilities |
States Parties:
|
Greece
|
Year: |
2003 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.03/27.COM/07B
|
Threats*:
|
Housing |
States Parties:
|
Greece
|
Year: |
2002 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.02/CONF.202/17
|
Threats*:
|
Housing |
States Parties:
|
Greece
|
Year: |
2001 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.01/CONF.208/10
|
Threats*:
|
Housing |
States Parties:
|
India
|
Year: |
2013 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-13/37.COM/7B.Add
|
Threats*:
|
|
States Parties:
|
India
|
Year: |
2011 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-11/35.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure Ground transport infrastructure Housing |
States Parties:
|
India
|
Year: |
2010 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-10/34.COM/7B.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Ground transport infrastructure |
States Parties:
|
India
|
Year: |
2007 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-07/31.COM/7B.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
India
|
Year: |
2005 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-05/29.COM/7B.Rev
|
Threats*:
|
Management systems/ management plan Water (rain/water table) |
Other Threats:
|
Threats to monuments’ foundations due to geological instability of riverbank
|
States Parties:
|
India
|
Year: |
2004 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-04/28.COM/15B
|
Threats*:
|
Commercial development Financial resources Management systems/ management plan Water (rain/water table) |
Other Threats:
|
Worrying state of conservation of Agra Fort
|
States Parties:
|
India
|
Year: |
2003 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.03/27.COM/07B.Corr
|
Threats*:
|
Commercial development Financial resources Management systems/ management plan Water (rain/water table) |
States Parties:
|
India
|
Year: |
1997 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.97/CONF.208/04B,WHC.97/CONF.207/2,WHC.97/CONF.208/08B
|
Threats*:
|
Air pollution |
States Parties:
|
Niger
|
Year: |
2017 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC/17/41.COM/7A
|
Threats*:
|
Civil unrest Erosion and siltation/ deposition Forestry /wood production Human resources Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Illegal activities Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals Management activities Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Niger
|
Year: |
2016 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC/16/40.COM/7A
|
Threats*:
|
Civil unrest Erosion and siltation/ deposition Forestry /wood production Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Illegal activities Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals Management activities Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Niger
|
Year: |
2015 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-15/39.COM/7A.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Civil unrest Erosion and siltation/ deposition Forestry /wood production Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Illegal activities Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals Management activities Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Niger
|
Year: |
2014 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-14/38.COM/7A
|
Threats*:
|
Civil unrest Erosion and siltation/ deposition Forestry /wood production Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Illegal activities Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals Management activities Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Niger
|
Year: |
2013 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-13/37.COM/7A.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Civil unrest Erosion and siltation/ deposition Forestry /wood production Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Illegal activities Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals Management activities Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Niger
|
Year: |
2012 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-12/36.COM/7A
|
Threats*:
|
Civil unrest Erosion and siltation/ deposition Forestry /wood production Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Illegal activities Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals Management activities Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
Poverty
|
States Parties:
|
Niger
|
Year: |
2011 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-11/35.COM/7A
|
Threats*:
|
Civil unrest Erosion and siltation/ deposition Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Illegal activities Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals |
Other Threats:
|
poverty
|
States Parties:
|
Niger
|
Year: |
2010 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-10/34.COM/7A
|
Threats*:
|
Civil unrest Erosion and siltation/ deposition Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Illegal activities Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
poverty
|
States Parties:
|
Niger
|
Year: |
2009 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-09/33.COM/7A.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Civil unrest Erosion and siltation/ deposition Forestry /wood production Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Illegal activities Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
Poverty
|
States Parties:
|
Niger
|
Year: |
2008 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-08/32.COM/7A.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Civil unrest Erosion and siltation/ deposition Forestry /wood production Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Illegal activities Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
poverty
|
States Parties:
|
Niger
|
Year: |
2007 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-07/31.COM/7A
|
Threats*:
|
Civil unrest Erosion and siltation/ deposition Forestry /wood production Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Illegal activities Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
Poverty
|
States Parties:
|
Niger
|
Year: |
2006 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-06/30.COM/7A
|
Threats*:
|
Civil unrest Erosion and siltation/ deposition Forestry /wood production Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Illegal activities Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
Poverty
|
States Parties:
|
Niger
|
Year: |
2005 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-05/29.COM/7A
|
Threats*:
|
Civil unrest Illegal activities Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Niger
|
Year: |
2004 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-04/28.COM/15A.Rev
|
Threats*:
|
Civil unrest Illegal activities Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Niger
|
Year: |
2003 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC.03/27.COM/07A
|
Threats*:
|
Financial resources Human resources Illegal activities Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
Decline in wildlife populations
|
States Parties:
|
Niger
|
Year: |
2002 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC.02/CONF.202/18
|
Threats*:
|
Illegal activities Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
Decline in wildlife populations
|
States Parties:
|
Niger
|
Year: |
2001 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC.01/CONF.205/04,WHC.01/CONF.208/09
|
Threats*:
|
Illegal activities Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
Decline in wildlife populations
|
States Parties:
|
Niger
|
Year: |
2000 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC.00/CONF.202/04,WHC.00/CONF.204/09
|
Threats*:
|
Illegal activities Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
Decline in wildlife populations
|
States Parties:
|
Niger
|
Year: |
1999 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC.99/CONF.204/04,WHC-99/CONF.204/INF.12,WHC.99/CONF.209/13
|
Threats*:
|
Illegal activities Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
Decline in wildlife populations
|
States Parties:
|
Niger
|
Year: |
1998 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC.98/CONF.201/3A,WHC.98/CONF.203/07
|
Threats*:
|
Illegal activities Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
Decline in wildlife populations
|
States Parties:
|
Niger
|
Year: |
1997 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC.97/CONF.208/08A,WHC.97/CONF.204/02A
|
Threats*:
|
Illegal activities |
Other Threats:
|
Decline in wildlife populations
|
States Parties:
|
Niger
|
Year: |
1996 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC.96/CONF.202/02B,WHC.96/CONF.201/07A
|
Threats*:
|
Illegal activities War |
States Parties:
|
Niger
|
Year: |
1995 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC.95/CONF.203/05,WHC.95/CONF.201/04,WHC.95/CONF.203/05 Add.1
|
Threats*:
|
Illegal activities War |
States Parties:
|
Niger
|
Year: |
1994 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC.94/CONF.003/06
|
Threats*:
|
Illegal activities War |
States Parties:
|
Niger
|
Year: |
1993 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC.93/CONF.001/03,WHC.93/CONF.002/05
|
Threats*:
|
War |
States Parties:
|
Niger
|
Year: |
1992 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.92/CONF.002/05,WHC.92/CONF.002/07 Rev
|
Threats*:
|
War |
States Parties:
|
India
|
Year: |
2002 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.02/CONF.201/11Rev,WHC.02/CONF.202/02,WHC.02/CONF.202/17
|
Threats*:
|
Management activities |
Other Threats:
|
Fragile mural paintings
|
States Parties:
|
India
|
Year: |
2001 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.01/CONF.208/10
|
Threats*:
|
Management activities |
Other Threats:
|
Fragile mural paintings
|
States Parties:
|
India
|
Year: |
1997 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.97/CONF.204/02B
|
Threats*:
|
Deliberate destruction of heritage Illegal activities Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Invasive/alien terrestrial species Management activities Management systems/ management plan Relative humidity |
States Parties:
|
Ethiopia
|
Year: |
2016 |
Document Source:
|
WHC/16/40.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Housing Interpretative and visitation facilities Management systems/ management plan Water (rain/water table) |
Other Threats:
|
Structural instability of Stele 3
|
States Parties:
|
Ethiopia
|
Year: |
2015 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-15/39.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Housing Interpretative and visitation facilities Management systems/ management plan Water (rain/water table) |
Other Threats:
|
Structural instability of Stele 3
|
States Parties:
|
Ethiopia
|
Year: |
2013 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-13/37.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Housing Interpretative and visitation facilities Management systems/ management plan Water (rain/water table) |
Other Threats:
|
Structural instability of Stele 3
|
States Parties:
|
Ethiopia
|
Year: |
2012 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-12/36.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Housing Management systems/ management plan Water (rain/water table) |
Other Threats:
|
Structural instability of Stele 3
|
States Parties:
|
Ethiopia
|
Year: |
2010 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-10/34.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Ethiopia
|
Year: |
2008 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-08/32.COM/7B.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
Lack of cartography, documentation and equipment
|
States Parties:
|
Ethiopia
|
Year: |
2006 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-06/30.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
Lack of cartography, documentation and equipment
|
States Parties:
|
Ethiopia
|
Year: |
2005 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-05/29.COM/7B.Rev
|
Threats*:
|
Housing Interpretative and visitation facilities Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
Lack of documentation and equipment
|
States Parties:
|
Ethiopia
|
Year: |
1998 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.98/CONF.203/08Rev
|
Threats*:
|
Housing Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Ethiopia
|
Year: |
1996 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.96/CONF.201/07B
|
Threats*:
|
Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Seychelles
|
Year: |
1986 |
Document Source:
|
CC.86/CONF.003/INF.4,CC.86/CONF.001/11
|
Threats*:
|
Air transport infrastructure Financial resources Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Cuba
|
Year: |
2010 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-10/34.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Mining |
States Parties:
|
Cuba
|
Year: |
2009 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-09/33.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Mining |
States Parties:
|
Cuba
|
Year: |
2008 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-08/32.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Mining |
States Parties:
|
Cuba
|
Year: |
2007 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-07/31.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Mining |
States Parties:
|
Spain
|
Year: |
1999 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.99/CONF.204/05,WHC.99/CONF.209/14
|
Threats*:
|
Housing Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
State of dilapidation of the Puerta Elvira area
|
States Parties:
|
Spain
|
Year: |
1998 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.98/CONF.201/3B
|
Threats*:
|
Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Spain
|
Year: |
1997 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.97/CONF.208/04B,WHC.97/CONF.204/02B,WHC.97/CONF.208/08B
|
Threats*:
|
Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Portugal
|
Year: |
2013 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-13/37.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Management systems/ management plan Water infrastructure |
States Parties:
|
Portugal
|
Year: |
2012 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-12/36.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Water infrastructure |
States Parties:
|
France
|
Year: |
2000 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.00/CONF.202/05,WHC.00/CONF.204/10
|
Threats*:
|
Housing |
States Parties:
|
Tunisia
|
Year: |
1992 |
Document Source:
|
CLT.92/CONF.003/02,WHC.92/CONF.002/05
|
Threats*:
|
Commercial development Housing |
States Parties:
|
Mauritania
|
Year: |
2013 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-13/37.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Desertification Financial resources Governance Human resources Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Legal framework Management activities Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Mauritania
|
Year: |
2012 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-12/36.COM/7B.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Desertification Financial resources Governance Human resources Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Legal framework Management activities Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Mauritania
|
Year: |
2010 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-10/34.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Financial resources Human resources Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Legal framework Management activities Management systems/ management plan Other climate change impacts |
States Parties:
|
Mauritania
|
Year: |
2009 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-09/33.COM/7B.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Financial resources Human resources Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Legal framework Management activities Management systems/ management plan Other climate change impacts Society's valuing of heritage |
States Parties:
|
Mauritania
|
Year: |
2007 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-07/31.COM/7B.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system Deliberate destruction of heritage Desertification Financial resources Housing Human resources Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Mauritania
|
Year: |
2006 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-06/30.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system Desertification Financial resources Housing Human resources Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Localised utilities Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Mauritania
|
Year: |
2003 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.03/27.COM/07B
|
Threats*:
|
Desertification Governance Human resources Management activities Management systems/ management plan Storms |
States Parties:
|
Mauritania
|
Year: |
2002 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.02/CONF.202/17
|
Threats*:
|
Desertification Governance Human resources Management activities Management systems/ management plan Storms |
States Parties:
|
Mauritania
|
Year: |
2001 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.01/CONF.205/05
|
Threats*:
|
Desertification Financial resources Housing Human resources Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure Management activities Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Albania
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Germany
Italy
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Ukraine
|
Year: |
2017 |
Document Source:
|
WHC/17/41.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Commercial hunting Forestry /wood production Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Albania
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Germany
Italy
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Ukraine
|
Year: |
2015 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-15/39.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Commercial hunting Forestry /wood production Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Albania
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Germany
Italy
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Ukraine
|
Year: |
2014 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-14/38.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Forestry /wood production Ground transport infrastructure Localised utilities Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Albania
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Germany
Italy
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Ukraine
|
Year: |
2013 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-13/37.COM/7B.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Forestry /wood production Ground transport infrastructure Human resources Illegal activities Localised utilities Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure Management systems/ management plan Subsistence hunting |
States Parties:
|
China
|
Year: |
2016 |
Document Source:
|
WHC/16/40.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Management activities Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
China
|
Year: |
2014 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-14/38.COM/7B.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Management activities Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
China
|
Year: |
2013 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-13/37.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Management activities |
States Parties:
|
China
|
Year: |
2004 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-04/28.COM/15B
|
Threats*:
|
Fire (widlfires) Illegal activities Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
China
|
Year: |
2003 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.03/27.COM/07B
|
Threats*:
|
Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
Fire
|
States Parties:
|
China
|
Year: |
1998 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.98/CONF.203/08Rev
|
Threats*:
|
Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
2017 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC/17/41.COM/7A.Add,WHC/17/41.COM/INF.7 Rev
|
Threats*:
|
Land conversion Management activities Management systems/ management plan War |
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
2016 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC/16/40.COM/7A.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Land conversion Management activities Management systems/ management plan War |
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
2015 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-15/39.COM/7A,WHC-15/39.COM/INF.7,WHC-15/39.COM/INF.7Rev
|
Threats*:
|
Land conversion Management activities Management systems/ management plan War |
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
2014 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-14/38.COM/7A.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Land conversion Management activities Management systems/ management plan War |
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
2013 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-13/37.COM/7B.Add
|
Threats*:
|
War |
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
2017 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC/17/41.COM/7A.Add,WHC/17/41.COM/INF.7 Rev
|
Threats*:
|
Housing Illegal activities War |
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
2016 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC/16/40.COM/7A.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Housing Illegal activities War |
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
2015 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-15/39.COM/7A,WHC-15/39.COM/INF.7,WHC-15/39.COM/INF.7Rev
|
Threats*:
|
Housing Illegal activities War |
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
2014 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-14/38.COM/7A.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Housing Illegal activities War |
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
2013 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-13/37.COM/7B.Add
|
Threats*:
|
War |
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
1997 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.97/CONF.204/02B
|
Threats*:
|
Financial resources Management activities |
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
2017 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC/17/41.COM/7A.Add,WHC/17/41.COM/INF.7 Rev
|
Threats*:
|
Housing Management activities Management systems/ management plan War |
Other Threats:
|
fire
|
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
2016 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC/16/40.COM/7A.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Housing Management activities Management systems/ management plan War |
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
2015 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-15/39.COM/7A,WHC-15/39.COM/INF.7,WHC-15/39.COM/INF.7Rev
|
Threats*:
|
Housing Management activities Management systems/ management plan War |
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
2014 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-14/38.COM/7A.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Housing Management activities Management systems/ management plan War |
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
2013 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-13/37.COM/7B.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Housing Management activities Management systems/ management plan War |
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
2011 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-11/35.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Housing Management activities Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
2010 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-10/34.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Housing Management activities Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
poor state of conservation
|
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
2009 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-09/33.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Housing Management activities Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
Poor state of conservation
|
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
2008 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-08/32.COM/7B.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Housing Management activities Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
Poor state of conservation
|
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
2007 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-07/31.COM/7B.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Management activities Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
Poor state of conservation
|
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
1999 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.99/CONF.204/05
|
Threats*:
|
Management activities |
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
1998 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.98/CONF.201/3B
|
Threats*:
|
Management activities |
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
1997 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.97/CONF.208/04B,WHC.97/CONF.204/02B,WHC.97/CONF.208/08B
|
Threats*:
|
Management activities |
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
1996 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.96/CONF.202/02B,WHC.96/CONF.201/07B
|
Threats*:
|
Management activities |
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
1994 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.94/CONF.001/03B
|
Threats*:
|
Management activities |
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
1993 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.93/CONF.002/05
|
Threats*:
|
Management activities |
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
1992 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.92/CONF.002/12
|
Threats*:
|
Management activities |
States Parties:
|
Bulgaria
|
Year: |
2017 |
Document Source:
|
WHC/17/41.COM/7B.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Housing Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Management systems/ management plan Marine transport infrastructure |
States Parties:
|
Bulgaria
|
Year: |
2013 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-13/37.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Housing Illegal activities Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Bulgaria
|
Year: |
2011 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-11/35.COM/7B.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Housing Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Bulgaria
|
Year: |
2010 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-10/34.COM/7B.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Deliberate destruction of heritage Erosion and siltation/ deposition Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Legal framework Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure Management systems/ management plan Relative humidity Wind |
States Parties:
|
Sri Lanka
|
Year: |
1998 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.98/CONF.203/08Rev
|
Threats*:
|
Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Sri Lanka
|
Year: |
2001 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.01/CONF.205/05,WHC.01/CONF.208/10
|
Threats*:
|
Air transport infrastructure Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Sri Lanka
|
Year: |
1998 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.98/CONF.203/08Rev
|
Threats*:
|
Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Ukraine
|
Year: |
2016 |
Document Source:
|
WHC/16/40.COM/7B.Add
|
Threats*:
|
|
Other Threats:
|
Critical state of conservation of the ruins in the city of Tauric Chersonese, some of which are highly dilapidated or even close to collapse
|
States Parties:
|
Mexico
|
Year: |
2016 |
Document Source:
|
WHC/16/40.COM/7B.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Governance Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Egypt
|
Year: |
2017 |
Document Source:
|
WHC/17/41.COM/7B.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system Deliberate destruction of heritage Flooding Housing Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Land conversion Management activities Management systems/ management plan Water (rain/water table) |
Other Threats:
|
Adverse effects of bird and bat droppings across the property
|
States Parties:
|
Egypt
|
Year: |
2015 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-15/39.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system Deliberate destruction of heritage Flooding Housing Land conversion Management systems/ management plan Water (rain/water table) |
States Parties:
|
Egypt
|
Year: |
2013 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-13/37.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system Deliberate destruction of heritage Flooding Housing Land conversion Management systems/ management plan Water (rain/water table) |
States Parties:
|
Egypt
|
Year: |
2012 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-12/36.COM/7B.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system Deliberate destruction of heritage Flooding Housing Land conversion Management systems/ management plan Water (rain/water table) |
States Parties:
|
Egypt
|
Year: |
2010 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-10/34.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system Deliberate destruction of heritage Flooding Housing Land conversion Management systems/ management plan Water (rain/water table) |
States Parties:
|
Egypt
|
Year: |
2009 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-09/33.COM/7B.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Deliberate destruction of heritage Flooding Ground transport infrastructure Housing Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Land conversion Management systems/ management plan Water (rain/water table) |
States Parties:
|
Egypt
|
Year: |
2008 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-08/32.COM/7B.Add2
|
Threats*:
|
Deliberate destruction of heritage Flooding Housing Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Land conversion Management systems/ management plan Water (rain/water table) |
States Parties:
|
Egypt
|
Year: |
2007 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-07/31.COM/7B.Add.2
|
Threats*:
|
Crop production Deliberate destruction of heritage Flooding Housing Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Land conversion Management systems/ management plan Water (rain/water table) |
States Parties:
|
Egypt
|
Year: |
2006 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-06/30.COM/7B.Add,
|
Threats*:
|
Crop production Deliberate destruction of heritage Flooding Housing Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Land conversion Management systems/ management plan Water (rain/water table) |
States Parties:
|
Egypt
|
Year: |
2001 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.01/CONF.205/05
|
Threats*:
|
Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community |
States Parties:
|
Egypt
|
Year: |
1998 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.98/CONF.203/08Rev
|
Threats*:
|
Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Illegal activities |
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
2017 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC/17/41.COM/7A.Add,WHC/17/41.COM/INF.7 Rev
|
Threats*:
|
Financial resources Housing Human resources Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Illegal activities Legal framework Management systems/ management plan Quarrying War |
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
2016 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC/16/40.COM/7A.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Financial resources Housing Human resources Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Illegal activities Legal framework Management systems/ management plan Quarrying War |
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
2015 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-15/39.COM/7A,WHC-15/39.COM/INF.7,WHC-15/39.COM/INF.7Rev
|
Threats*:
|
Financial resources Housing Human resources Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community Illegal activities Legal framework Management systems/ management plan Quarrying War |
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
2014 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-14/38.COM/7A.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Financial resources Housing Human resources Legal framework Management systems/ management plan War |
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
2013 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-13/37.COM/7B.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Financial resources Housing Human resources Legal framework Management systems/ management plan War |
States Parties:
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
Year: |
2012 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-12/36.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Financial resources Housing Human resources Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Cambodia
|
Year: |
2014 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-14/38.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Housing Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Cambodia
|
Year: |
2010 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-10/34.COM/7B.Add
|
Threats*:
|
Housing Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Cambodia
|
Year: |
2008 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-08/32.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Housing Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Cambodia
|
Year: |
2006 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-06/30.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Interpretative and visitation facilities Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure |
States Parties:
|
Cambodia
|
Year: |
2004 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC-04/28.COM/15A.Rev
|
Threats*:
|
Deliberate destruction of heritage Illegal activities Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure |
States Parties:
|
Cambodia
|
Year: |
2003 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC.03/27.COM/07A
|
Threats*:
|
Human resources Illegal activities Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
Urgent problems of conservation
|
States Parties:
|
Cambodia
|
Year: |
2002 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC.02/CONF.202/18
|
Threats*:
|
Human resources Illegal activities Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
Urgent problems of conservation
|
States Parties:
|
Cambodia
|
Year: |
2001 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC.01/CONF.208/09
|
Threats*:
|
Human resources Illegal activities Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
Urgent problems of conservation
|
States Parties:
|
Cambodia
|
Year: |
2000 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC.00/CONF.202/04,WHC.00/CONF.204/09
|
Threats*:
|
Human resources Illegal activities Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
Urgent problems of conservation
|
States Parties:
|
Cambodia
|
Year: |
1999 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC.99/CONF.204/04,WHC.99/CONF.209/13
|
Threats*:
|
Human resources Illegal activities Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
Urgent problems of conservation
|
States Parties:
|
Cambodia
|
Year: |
1998 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC.98/CONF.201/3A,WHC.98/CONF.203/07
|
Threats*:
|
Human resources Illegal activities Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
Urgent problems of conservation
|
States Parties:
|
Cambodia
|
Year: |
1997 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC.97/CONF.208/08A,WHC.97/CONF.204/02A
|
Threats*:
|
Human resources Illegal activities Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
Urgent problems of conservation
|
States Parties:
|
Cambodia
|
Year: |
1996 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC.96/CONF.202/02B,WHC.96/CONF.201/07A
|
Threats*:
|
Human resources Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
Urgent problems of conservation
|
States Parties:
|
Cambodia
|
Year: |
1995 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC.95/CONF.203/05,WHC.95/CONF.201/04,WHC.95/CONF.203/05 Add.1
|
Threats*:
|
Human resources Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
Urgent problems of conservation
|
States Parties:
|
Cambodia
|
Year: |
1994 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC.94/CONF.003/06
|
Threats*:
|
Human resources Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
Urgent problems of conservation
|
States Parties:
|
Cambodia
|
Year: |
1993 |
Danger List:
|
Yes
|
Document Source:
|
WHC.93/CONF.001/03,WHC.93/CONF.002/05
|
Threats*:
|
Human resources Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
Urgent problems of conservation
|
States Parties:
|
Lebanon
|
Year: |
1998 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.98/CONF.201/3B
|
Threats*:
|
Military training |
States Parties:
|
Guatemala
|
Year: |
2004 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-04/28.COM/15B
|
Threats*:
|
Commercial development Housing Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Guatemala
|
Year: |
2003 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.03/27.COM/07B
|
Threats*:
|
Commercial development Management activities Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Guatemala
|
Year: |
2001 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.01/CONF.205/05,WHC.01/CONF.208/10
|
Threats*:
|
Commercial development Earthquake |
States Parties:
|
Guatemala
|
Year: |
1999 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.99/CONF.204/05
|
Threats*:
|
Storms |
States Parties:
|
Guatemala
|
Year: |
1993 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.93/CONF.002/14
|
Threats*:
|
Earthquake Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure Housing Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Management systems/ management plan |
Other Threats:
|
Numerous ruins in the city that in danger of collapse in the event of an earthquake
|
States Parties:
|
Oman
|
Year: |
2007 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-07/31.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Illegal activities Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals Management systems/ management plan Oil and gas |
States Parties:
|
Oman
|
Year: |
2006 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-06/30.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Illegal activities Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals Management systems/ management plan Oil and gas |
States Parties:
|
Oman
|
Year: |
2005 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-05/29.COM/7B.Rev
|
Threats*:
|
Illegal activities Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals Management systems/ management plan Oil and gas |
States Parties:
|
Oman
|
Year: |
2004 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-04/28.COM/15B
|
Threats*:
|
Illegal activities Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals Management systems/ management plan Oil and gas |
States Parties:
|
Oman
|
Year: |
2000 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.00/CONF.202/05,WHC.00/CONF.204/10
|
Threats*:
|
Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure Illegal activities Legal framework Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals Oil and gas |
States Parties:
|
Oman
|
Year: |
1999 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.99/CONF.204/05,WHC.99/CONF.209/14
|
Threats*:
|
Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure Illegal activities Legal framework Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals Management systems/ management plan Oil and gas |
States Parties:
|
Oman
|
Year: |
1998 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.98/CONF.201/3B,WHC.98/CONF.203/08Rev
|
Threats*:
|
Illegal activities Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Oman
|
Year: |
1997 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.97/CONF.208/04B,WHC.97/CONF.204/02B,WHC.97/CONF.208/08B
|
Threats*:
|
Illegal activities Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Oman
|
Year: |
1996 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.96/CONF.202/02B,WHC.96/CONF.201/07B
|
Threats*:
|
Illegal activities Legal framework Localised utilities Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Oman
|
Year: |
1995 |
Document Source:
|
WHC.95/CONF.203/05,WHC.95/CONF.201/04,WHC.95/CONF.203/05 Add.1
|
Threats*:
|
Legal framework Management systems/ management plan |
States Parties:
|
Italy
|
Year: |
2017 |
Document Source:
|
WHC/17/41.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Financial resources Housing Human resources Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Management activities Management systems/ management plan Solid waste |
Other Threats:
|
Series of structural collapses at the property
|
States Parties:
|
Italy
|
Year: |
2015 |
Document Source:
|
WHC-15/39.COM/7B
|
Threats*:
|
Financial resources Housing Human resources Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation Management activities Management systems/ management plan Solid waste |
Other Threats:
|
Series of structural collapses at the property
|
* :
The threats indicated are listed in alphabetical order; their order does not constitute a classification according to the importance of their impact on the property.
Furthermore, they are presented irrespective of the type of threat faced by the property, i.e. with specific and proven imminent danger (“ascertained danger”) or with threats which could have deleterious effects on the property’s Outstanding Universal Value (“potential danger”).
** :
All mission reports are not always available electronically.
